Rac2負性調(diào)節(jié)樹突狀細胞的交叉遞呈
[Abstract]:Dendritic cells (DC) is one of the main antigen presenting cells. Currently, there are three types of antigen presenting DC cell antigens: one is that DC cells phagocytic external antigens, and processing and processing the epitope peptide to combine with MHC class II molecules to activate CD4+T cells; the other means that DC cells process endogenous synthetic proteins with M. HC class I molecules combine to activate CD8+T cells; Bevan has proposed a new way of DC cell presenting antigen, cross presentation (cross presentation), which refers to the processing of exogenous antigen by antigen presenting cells, which is loaded to the surface of MHC class I molecules to form complex, activating the initial CD8+T cells to cause cellular immune response. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of the cross delivery of DC cells will help us better find ways to resist cancer and antivirus, and provide new clues for the immunotherapy of cancer and disease. At present, there is little research on the regulation mechanism of DC cell cross delivery.
Many previous studies have shown that Rho GTPase participates in many aspects of regulating physiological activity of DC cells, including remodeling of cell morphology, extension of dendrites, phagocytosis of antigen, and the activation of T cells by.Cdc42 and Rac1 in the phagocytosis of DC cells to foreign antigens, in which the activation of Cdc42 plays a role in the change of phagocytosis in the process of DC cell maturation. RhoB affects the expression of MHC II molecules on the surface of DC cells after LPS stimulation; in addition, the ability of DC cells to phagocytic apoptotic cells in the Rac1 inhibited mutant mice decreases, thus affecting the cross presentation. So we want to know what role the Rho family protein plays in the cross presentation, and what kind of mechanism is involved. Among them?
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we hope to screen out the Rho protein molecule which has effect on cross-presentation through a series of experiments and further explore the possible mechanism.
Method:
1, using the RNAi interference method to screen six common Rho molecules: the RNAi screening method helps us to compare different molecules and provide clues for understanding the biological functions of different cells. Using synthetic siRNA, this study interferes with six common Rho molecules in DC cells, and then uses T cell hybridoma B3Z detection. The ability of DC cells to cross presentation was measured after interference, and the efficiency of RNA interference was verified by real-time quantitative PCR.
2, expressing the cross presenting ability of DC cells with different properties of Rac2: according to the characteristics of Rho molecules, active and inhibitory mutants are often used as an effective means to study the function of Rho molecules. By using point mutation methods, this study constructed two kinds of mutants of Rac2, active mutant Rac2Q61L and inhibition type mutation. The body Rac2D57N was fused with the yellow fluorescent protein EYFP, and the DC2.4 was expressed stably by the high efficient infection of the dendritic cells by the lentivirus vector, and then the ability to express the cross delivery of the DC cells with different mutants was detected by ELISA.
3, the discussion of molecular mechanism:
(1) activation of Rac2 during the phagocytosis: the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (F? Rster Resonance Energy Transfer, FRET) is the most effective means to study the interaction between the two protein molecules. Compared with confocal microscopy, it not only indicates the proximity of the spatial distance between the two molecules, but also clarifies the relationship between the two molecules from the functional aspect. Since Rac2 can interact with the downstream PAK molecules after activation, this study uses the lentivirus vector to simultaneously transfect the DC cells to the Rac2 labeled with the yellow fluorescent protein and the PAK molecules marked by the red fluorescent protein. The activation of the Rac2 molecules in the process of phagocytic antigen is observed by laser confocal microscopy and in the cell. Positioning;
(2) phagocytosis experiment: using DC cells expressing different Rac2 mutants to observe the phagocytic ability of DC cells transfected with different mutants to different phase, and to understand the effect of Rac2 molecules on phagocytosis.
(3) endogenous presentation experiment: the DC cells can express the OVA protein endogenous, effectively transfer the epitope and MHC class I complex to the DC cell surface, and then use the EYFP-Rac2 mutant of the lentivirus to infect the DC-OVA cells, and observe the effect of Rac2 on the endogenous recurrence of DC-OVA cells, indicating that the Rac2 molecules are in the cross delivery of DC cells. Influence link;
4, the establishment of Cd11c-EYFP-Rac2Q61L transgenic mice: in order to explore and observe the effect of Rac2 molecules on the function of DC cells, we infect mouse embryo cells by expressing EYFP-Rac2Q61L lentivirus vector specifically in DC cells, and obtained the Cd11c-EYFP-Rac2Q61L transgenic mice. The cross-presentation-related molecules provide an effective means for us to detect their effects on cross-presentation at the in vivo level.
Conclusion: through this study, we observed: (1) the ability of different Rho molecules to cross delivery of DC cells was different, and the cross delivery ability of DC cells that interfered with Rac2 expression increased obviously. (2) the expression of active and inhibitory Rac2 mutants by the construction of lentivirus vector and transfected to DC cells, we found overexpression of activation mutation. Body Rac2Q61L can effectively reduce the cross delivery of DC cells; (3) in the process of phagocytic antigen, the activation of Rac2 occurs in the membrane part of the external antigen, activating the downstream PAK molecule; (4) Rac2 does not affect the amount of the foreign antigen phagocytic and the endogenous delivery.
It can be concluded preliminarily that Rac2 is different from other Rho molecules, which negatively regulates the cross delivery of dendritic cells, and the activation of Rac2 mainly occurs around the cell membrane. Through the interaction with PAK molecules, the subsequent process of DC cells may be related to the acidification of the phagocytic, antigenic degradation, and not the rest of the DC cells. This study provides a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of dendritic cells cross presenting, and the discovery of this negative regulatory molecule, Rac2, provides a new clue to understanding the local immune tolerance in the disease.
【學位授予單位】:第三軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2008
【分類號】:R392
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