發(fā)布時間：2018-06-29 15:20

  本文選題：頸上神經(jīng)節(jié) + 大鼠�。� 參考：《蘭州大學》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 一方面,認知科學是當前生命科學中最引人矚目、發(fā)展最迅速的學科之一。隨著神經(jīng)科學的發(fā)展,神經(jīng)發(fā)生現(xiàn)象逐漸在嚙齒類、靈長類動物和人類得以廣泛證實。很多學者認為,在成人海馬齒狀回中神經(jīng)元的再生伴隨著人的一生。 另一方面,交感神經(jīng)是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中的一個重要的組成部分,而頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)則是通往腦顱的主要交感輸入纖維,這些纖維包含著胺類、氨基酸類、肽類等多種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),發(fā)揮著各自不同的功能,對靶器官進行精確的調(diào)控以適應機體的需求。目前,除了對已知的頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)參與特殊神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的分泌和運輸、運動及血壓節(jié)律性的調(diào)控等方面的作用外,還不斷有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。但是,交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)還有很多未知的生理功能有待于進一步的研究。 本論文通過摘除成年大鼠頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)手術,探討去頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)(SCG)對成年大鼠海馬齒狀回神經(jīng)再生及學習記憶的影響,進而探索交感神經(jīng)節(jié)對哺乳動物學習記憶的調(diào)節(jié)機制,為交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)臨床研究提供實驗資料。 本實驗將大鼠分為雙側(cè)摘除神經(jīng)節(jié)組(B SCGe)、單側(cè)摘除神經(jīng)節(jié)組(USCGe)和對照組(C)。手術后大鼠呈現(xiàn)Homer綜合癥:手術側(cè)面部瞳孔縮小、瞼裂變小、眼球后陷,大鼠食欲不振。 運用Morris水迷宮測定手術后學習記憶能力的改變。結果顯示:在定位航行實驗中,通過5d的訓練,三組大鼠均獲取了對平臺位置的參考記憶,搜索平臺的策略都由邊緣式變?yōu)橼呄蚴交蛑本�式,訓練潛伏期下降。統(tǒng)計分析結果表明,BSCGe組潛伏期值顯著高于U SCGe和C組的(P＜0.05),而單側(cè)摘除手術組和對照組五天內(nèi)的訓練潛伏期則無差異(P＞0.05)。在空間搜索實驗中,C組和U SCGe組大鼠由于能夠記住原平臺的位置,反復穿越原平臺所在象限(第Ⅳ象限),運動軌跡主要集中在原平臺所在位置,而B SCGe組大鼠由于不能準確記憶平臺的位置,則在其它象限運動相對較其他兩組多。以平臺為靶心,統(tǒng)計三組大鼠軌跡分布在靶心和9環(huán)靶的百分率,比較記憶得分率,結果顯示B SCGe組大鼠記憶得分率顯著低于C組和U SCGe組(P＜0.05)。 本實驗還運用神經(jīng)元前體細胞的標志物DCX(Doublecortin)免疫組織化學染色方法檢測海馬齒狀回神經(jīng)元前體細胞的增殖情況。結果顯示:DCX陽性細胞呈黃色或棕黃色顆粒,而且在齒狀回分子層(ML)、顆粒層(GCL)和顆粒下層(SGZ)的分布是不均勻的。DCX標記細胞胞體位于SGZ或者GCL,樹突沿著板層的垂直方向穿行,跨越GCL,內(nèi)分子層和中分子層。C組大鼠顆粒下層的DCX陽性細胞有不少排列成簇;U SCGe組大鼠呈簇排列較C組少;BSCGe組的DCX陽性細胞較少,而絕大多數(shù)都是單個散在分布。通過DCX免疫組化染色定量分析結果顯示,與C組大鼠相比,U SCGe組和B SCGe組大鼠DCX陽性細胞數(shù)目及密度均減少,其中B SCGe組與C組DCX陽性細胞數(shù)目差異極顯著(P＜0.01)。 從以上實驗結果得知,與C組比較,U SCGe組大鼠的Morris水迷宮成績比B SCGe組好,且DCX陽性細胞數(shù)量、密度比B SCGe組大,這似乎說明單側(cè)SCG切除后,其對側(cè)的SCG能進行了某種功能上的補償,所以我們進一步切除大鼠單側(cè)頸上神經(jīng)節(jié),將其對側(cè)SCG(手術組)進行石蠟、半薄切片制作,運用光鏡觀察、體視學方法與正常SCG進行比較來探討其中的原因,為頸上神經(jīng)節(jié)損傷的研究提供實驗依據(jù)。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)手術30天后,手術組SCG的主細胞的神經(jīng)節(jié)體積(Vg),神經(jīng)元的數(shù)密度(Nv)、神經(jīng)元細胞數(shù)量(N)、體密度(Vv)等參數(shù)與對照組相比均未出現(xiàn)顯著差異,但是非神經(jīng)元的數(shù)密度(Nv)、細胞數(shù)量(N)及體密度則發(fā)生極顯著性增多(P＜0.01)。 由以上的實驗結果我們得出這樣的推論:SCG摘除對成年大鼠的海馬齒狀回神經(jīng)元的再生和學習和記憶能力有一定的影響,而且雙側(cè)摘除的影響更為顯著,其原因可能是因為單側(cè)切除SCG后,其對側(cè)的衛(wèi)星細胞的繁殖增多,以此增加SCG的活性進行代償;也可能是周圍的白細胞滲入到SCG中,對這種神經(jīng)退行性疾病進行某種補償性地免疫修復。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, cognitive science is one of the most noticeable and rapidly developing subjects in the current life science. With the development of neuroscience, neurogenesis is gradually confirmed in rodents, primates and humans. Many scholars believe that the regeneration of neurons in the adult sea horse dentate gyrus is accompanied by human life.
On the other hand, the sympathetic nerve is an important component of the nervous system, and the superior cervical ganglion is the main sympathetic input fiber to the brain. These fibers contain various neurotransmitters, such as amines, amino acids, peptides, and other functions, and regulate the target organs accurately to meet the needs of the body. In addition to the role of the known superior cervical ganglion involved in the secretion and transport of special neurotransmitters, movement and regulation of rhythmic blood pressure, there are still new discoveries. However, there are many unknown physiological functions in the sympathetic nervous system to be further studied.
In this paper, the effect of the removal of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) on the regeneration of the dentate gyrus and learning and memory in adult rats was investigated by removing the superior cervical ganglion in the adult rat, and the mechanism of the learning and memory of the sympathetic ganglion to the mammalian learning and memory was explored to provide experimental data for the study of the sympathetic nervous system.
The rats were divided into bilateral extirpation ganglion group (B SCGe), unilateral extirpate ganglion group (USCGe) and control group (C). After operation, the rats showed Homer syndrome: the pupil in the side of the operation was narrowed, the eyelid fission was small, the eyeball was depressed, and the appetite was inexorpant in the rats.
The Morris water maze was used to determine the changes of learning and memory ability after operation. The results showed that in the navigation experiment, the three groups of rats obtained the reference memory of the platform position through the training of 5D. The strategy of the search platform changed from the edge to the trend or the straight line, and the training latency decreased. The statistical analysis showed that the BSCGe group dive. The value of volt period was significantly higher than that of U SCGe and C group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in the training latency in the unilateral extirpation group and the control group (P > 0.05). In the space search experiment, the C and U SCGe group rats were able to remember the original platform's position and cross the quadrant of the original platform (the fourth quadrant), and the track was mainly concentrated in Yuanping. The position of the platform in the B SCGe group was more than the other two groups because of the inability to remember the position of the platform. With the platform as the target, the percentage of the three groups of rats in the target center and the 9 target were compared, and the score of memory was compared. The results showed that the memory score of the B SCGe group was significantly lower than that of the C group and the U SCGe group (P). < 0.05).
The proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus was detected by DCX (Doublecortin) immuno histochemical staining of neuronal precursor cells. The results showed that the DCX positive cells were yellow or brown yellow granules, and at the dentate gyrus (ML), and the distribution of the granular layer (GCL) and the subgranular layer (SGZ) was uneven. The cell bodies of.DCX labeled cells are located in SGZ or GCL, and the dendrites go along the vertical direction of the plate layer and cross the GCL. The DCX positive cells in the lower layer of the.C group of the.C group of the inner molecular layer and the middle molecular layer are arranged in a lot of clusters; the U SCGe group rats are smaller in cluster arrangement than in the C group; the DCX positive cells in the BSCGe group are less, and the vast majority are single scattered distribution. The quantitative analysis of DCX immunohistochemical staining showed that the number and density of DCX positive cells in the U SCGe group and the B SCGe group decreased, and the number of DCX positive cells in the B SCGe group and the C group was very significant (P < 0.01).
From the above experimental results, we found that compared with the C group, the Morris water maze of the U SCGe group was better than the B SCGe group, and the number and density of the DCX positive cells were larger than that of the B SCGe group. This seems to indicate that the unilateral SCG excision is a kind of functional compensation for the lateral SCG energy of the unilateral SCG, so we further excised the unilateral superior cervical ganglion and put it on the side SC. G (operation group) was made with paraffin and semi thin section, using light microscopy and comparing with normal SCG to compare the reasons. The results provided experimental basis for the study of the injury of the superior cervical ganglia. Results 30 days after operation, the nerve volume (Vg), the number density of neurons (Nv), the number of neuron cells in the main cells of the operation group SCG, the number of neurons (Nv), and the number of neuron cells were found. There was no significant difference in quantity (N), volume density (Vv) and other parameters, but the number density (Nv) of non neuron (Nv), the number of cells (N) and body density increased significantly (P < 0.01).
From the experimental results, we conclude that SCG extirpation has a certain effect on the regeneration and learning and memory ability of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in adult rats, and the effect of bilateral extirpation is more significant, which may be due to the increase in the reproduction of the opposite satellite cells after unilateral removal of SCG to increase the activity of SCG. Sexual compensation is also made. It may also be the infiltration of leukocytes around the SCG into a compensatory immune repair of this neurodegenerative disease.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R33

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