國人股骨髁解剖形態(tài)與解剖型股骨假體相關(guān)性研究及臨床觀察
本文關(guān)鍵詞:國人股骨髁解剖形態(tài)與解剖型股骨假體相關(guān)性研究及臨床觀察 出處:《泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換 膝關(guān)節(jié) 假體 股骨髁 解剖 臨床隨訪
【摘要】:目的 目前人工全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)(Totalkneearthroplsty,TKA)是治療中、重度膝骨性關(guān)節(jié)病、類風(fēng)濕性膝關(guān)節(jié)炎、痛性膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)外翻畸形等各種嚴(yán)重終末期膝關(guān)節(jié)疾患的有效手段之一。從上世紀(jì)六、七十年代國外開始實(shí)施人工關(guān)節(jié)假體進(jìn)行全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)至今,人們對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)解剖形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)知由淺入深,目前已經(jīng)到了細(xì)微結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)知和研究;TKA臨床手術(shù)水平和人工膝關(guān)節(jié)假體的設(shè)計(jì)水平也在不斷地改進(jìn)和提高;TKA手術(shù)已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外臨床較為普遍應(yīng)用、療效較為滿意的骨科手術(shù);但是目前臨床部分患者經(jīng)過全膝關(guān)節(jié)假體置換后仍出現(xiàn)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、膝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸活動(dòng)受限、關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)定、假體匹配欠佳等問題,這主要體現(xiàn)在手術(shù)技術(shù)水平、股骨側(cè)假體與股骨髁的匹配性、股骨髁解剖標(biāo)志對(duì)手術(shù)的影響等。本研究重點(diǎn)對(duì)股骨髁解剖形態(tài)與人工膝關(guān)節(jié)股骨假體相關(guān)性進(jìn)行研究,研究假體的解剖適配性,對(duì)臨床人工膝關(guān)節(jié)的制定提供理論性的參考依據(jù)。 方法 首先對(duì)國人尸體標(biāo)本膝關(guān)節(jié)股骨髁、共用經(jīng)福爾馬林固定的成年尸體膝關(guān)節(jié)股骨髁標(biāo)本42例,尸體標(biāo)本由泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室提供,及一款全解剖型膝關(guān)節(jié)假體(GemniniPosteriorStabilized,GeminiPS)(假體見圖1-6至圖1-11)的股骨假體作為研究對(duì)象,GeminiPS股骨假體數(shù)據(jù)由LINK公司(WeldomLinkcompanyGroup,LINK)提供。測(cè)量股骨髁標(biāo)本各解剖參數(shù)與GeminiPS股骨假體參數(shù)進(jìn)行比對(duì),分析該股骨假體的適配性。將股骨髁各解剖參數(shù):股骨內(nèi)髁前后徑、股骨外髁前后徑、股骨髁左右徑、髁間窩高度、髁間窩橫徑進(jìn)行測(cè)量并記錄;再使用SPSS17.0軟件對(duì)所得股骨髁各解剖參數(shù)與GeminiPS股骨假體參數(shù)做單樣本t檢驗(yàn)分析GeminiPS假體的適配性。 對(duì)于2011年2月至2012年3月間在濟(jì)南軍區(qū)駐泰88醫(yī)院行TKA患者進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間為術(shù)后3、6、12月。選出應(yīng)用GeminiPS假體的TKA患者34例,其中男性22例,女性12例。對(duì)其GeminiPS股骨假體進(jìn)行觀察,對(duì)臨床效果的相關(guān)影響因素進(jìn)行分析。采用美國膝關(guān)節(jié)協(xié)會(huì)(KneeSocietyScore,KSS)功能評(píng)估表的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)TKA患者恢復(fù)過程中術(shù)側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)分。采用SPSS17.0軟件對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能在術(shù)后3、6、12月不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的功能評(píng)分做方差分析,以此了解GeminiPS假體置換術(shù)后的臨床效果。對(duì)患者性別、膝關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)側(cè)別、術(shù)中所選股骨假體大小等因素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析以了解其對(duì)術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)的影響。 采用美國膝關(guān)節(jié)協(xié)會(huì)(KneeSocietyScore,KSS)功能評(píng)估表的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)TKA患者恢復(fù)過程中術(shù)側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)分。采用SPSS17.0軟件對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能在術(shù)后3、6、12月不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的功能評(píng)分做方差分析,以此了解GeminiPS假體置換術(shù)后的臨床效果。對(duì)患者性別、膝關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)側(cè)別、術(shù)中所選股骨假體大小等因素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析以了解其對(duì)術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)的影響。 結(jié)果 1.對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)股骨髁尸體標(biāo)本測(cè)量各解剖參數(shù)結(jié)果如下:股骨髁左右徑為:64.75±4.73mm,外側(cè)髁前后徑為:60.26±5.77mm,股骨內(nèi)側(cè)髁前后徑為:62.25±5.18mm,髁間窩高度為:32.49±4.16mm,髁間窩寬度為:18.41±3.08mm。 2.GeminiPS股骨假體分為6個(gè)型號(hào)(1、2、2A、3、4、5),其股骨假體參數(shù)按1、2、2A、3、4、5的順序標(biāo)注如下:股骨內(nèi)側(cè)髁前后徑分別為:53、58、61、64、66、70mm;股骨外側(cè)髁前后徑分別為為:50、57、57、62、65、69mm,髁間窩高度分別為為:33、34、36、38、41、43mm,,髁間窩寬度為:22、23、24、24.5、25、25.5mm,股骨髁左右徑為:55、63、69、69、71、76mm。將參數(shù)與42例膝關(guān)節(jié)股骨髁標(biāo)本的參數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,應(yīng)用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行假體型號(hào)與標(biāo)本測(cè)量均值相對(duì)應(yīng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行兩兩比較,發(fā)現(xiàn):GeminiPS股骨假體2、2A、3號(hào)參數(shù)與標(biāo)本數(shù)據(jù)在3個(gè)指標(biāo)即:股骨髁左右徑、內(nèi)髁前后徑、外髁前后徑均值比較接近,P0.05差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說明假體2、2A、3三個(gè)型號(hào)的參數(shù)與國人膝關(guān)節(jié)解剖數(shù)據(jù)適配性較好。 3.34例患者得到了13~19月的臨床隨訪,平均隨訪時(shí)間15.3月。本組34例術(shù)前KSS評(píng)分36.26±11.49分;術(shù)后3月78.02±6.80分;術(shù)后6月81.70±6.16分,術(shù)后12月84.52±5.93分。不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)間評(píng)分均數(shù)的兩兩比較,具有顯著性差異,均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P值均小于0.05。說明:術(shù)后3月、術(shù)后6月及術(shù)后12月復(fù)查與術(shù)前比較,功能明顯改善;另術(shù)后3月、6月、12月不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)復(fù)查功能評(píng)分也存在差異,術(shù)側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)KSS功能綜合評(píng)分與時(shí)間在一定范圍內(nèi)成正比。 4.34例采用GeminiPS假體的TKA患者樣本量中發(fā)現(xiàn):股骨假體型號(hào)中2、2A、3號(hào)假體出現(xiàn)頻率較高;在一定程度上說明這幾個(gè)型號(hào)在臨床實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,較為常用。 5.34例采用GeminiPS假體的TKA患者術(shù)側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)進(jìn)行疼痛評(píng)分(評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)值越小代表疼痛越重,反之?dāng)?shù)值越大代表疼痛越輕),術(shù)前疼痛評(píng)分為:23.34±6.06分,術(shù)后3、6、12月疼痛評(píng)分分別為40.28±4.86,44.43±5.37和45.72±5.73分;結(jié)果顯示兩兩比較除術(shù)后12月與術(shù)后6月KSS評(píng)分無顯著性差異,無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),其余各時(shí)間點(diǎn)間KSS評(píng)分均存在顯著性差異,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)功能分恢復(fù)較術(shù)前明顯改善,到術(shù)后6月膝關(guān)節(jié)功能基本平穩(wěn),與術(shù)后12月隨訪無明顯變化。 6.34例采用GeminiPS假體的患者術(shù)側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)術(shù)前平均屈、伸活動(dòng)度為110.21±12.95o,術(shù)后3月為109.36±11.13°;術(shù)后6月為128.84±16.32°,12月為129.57±10.65°;不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度進(jìn)行兩兩比較,術(shù)后3月與術(shù)前膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度相比無顯著性差異(P=0.056);術(shù)后3月與術(shù)后6月、12月膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度均存在顯著性差異(P值分別為0.000和0.000);術(shù)后6月與術(shù)后12月膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度無顯著性差異(P=0.512)。說明術(shù)后6月膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度恢復(fù)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),以后在一定范圍內(nèi),隨時(shí)間推移,活動(dòng)度無明顯變化。 結(jié)論 通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室尸體膝關(guān)節(jié)標(biāo)本股骨髁解剖參數(shù)的測(cè)量與該解剖假體股骨髁解剖參數(shù)比對(duì)分析,以及對(duì)TKA后KSS評(píng)分資料分析,發(fā)現(xiàn):該假體股骨2、2A、3號(hào)參數(shù)與國人解剖數(shù)據(jù)適配性較好。應(yīng)用GeminiPS假體的患者中2、2A、3號(hào)股骨假體出現(xiàn)頻率較高;颊咝g(shù)后術(shù)側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛較術(shù)前減輕明顯,活動(dòng)度較術(shù)前改善;手術(shù)側(cè)別、病人性別以及假體型號(hào)對(duì)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能KSS評(píng)分無明顯影響,應(yīng)用GeminiPS假體總體臨床觀察效果好。
[Abstract]:Purpose Total knee arthroplasty ( total knee arthroplasty ) is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of severe end - stage knee joint diseases such as moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , and painful knee joint deformity . method The femoral components of the femoral condyle were measured and recorded by the anatomic parameters of the femoral condyle and GeminiPS femoral component . The anatomic parameters of the femoral condyle were measured and recorded with the parameters of the femoral condyle : anterior and posterior diameter of the femoral condyle , the anterior and posterior femoral condyle , the lateral femoral condyle , the height of the condyle and the transverse diameter of the intercondylar fossa . Thirty - eight patients were followed up from February 2011 to March 2012 . The follow - up time was 3 , 6 , and 12 months after operation . All 34 patients were selected to apply GeminiPS prosthesis , including 22 males and 12 females . In order to understand the effect of GeminiPS prosthesis replacement on the function of knee joint after operation at 3 , 6 , and 12 months after operation , we analyzed the function score of knee joint function at 3 , 6 and 12 months after operation by using SPSS 17.0 software , and analyzed the influence of the knee joint function on the function of knee joint after operation . Results 1 . The results were as follows : the lateral femoral condyle diameter was 64.75 鹵 4.73mm , the anterior and posterior diameter of the lateral condyle was 60.26 鹵 5.77 mm , the anterior and posterior diameter of the medial femoral condyle was 62.25 鹵 5.18 mm , the height of the intercondylar fossa was 32.49 鹵 4.16 mm , and the width of the intercondylar fossa was 18.41 鹵 3.08mm . 2 . The femoral components were divided into 6 models ( 1 , 2 , 2A , 3 , 4 , 5 ) . The femoral component parameters were as follows : the anterior and posterior diameters of the femoral condyle were 53 , 58 , 61 , 64 , 66 and 70 mm , respectively . 3.34 patients were followed up from 13 to 19 months . The average follow - up time was 15.3 months . The preoperative KSS score of 34 cases was 36.26 鹵 11.49 . The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . 4 . In 34 patients with the GeminiPS prosthesis , it was found that the frequency of the 2 , 2A , and 3 prosthesis in the femoral component model was higher , and in some extent these models were commonly used in clinical practice . Results The pain scores of knee joint were 23.34 鹵 6.06 , 40.28 鹵 4.86 , 44.43 鹵 5.37 and 45.72 鹵 5.73 respectively . 6.34 patients with GeminiPS prosthesis had preoperative average flexion and extension activity of 110.21 鹵 12.95o , 29.57 鹵 10.65 擄 in March , 129.57 鹵 10.65 擄 in December and 129.57 鹵 10.65 擄 in December . There was no significant difference in the activity of knee joint in June and December after operation ( P = 0.512 ) . Conclusion The anatomic parameters of the femoral condyle were compared with the anatomic parameters of the femoral condyle of the femoral condyle . The results showed that the femoral components 2 , 2A , and 3 of the femoral component were well adapted to the anatomic data of the Chinese .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:R322.71
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