本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速鐵路 票價優(yōu)化 動態(tài)定價 差異化定價 旅客選擇行為 雙層規(guī)劃 動態(tài)規(guī)劃　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以及運能配置方式不變的前提下,客票價格的優(yōu)化是進(jìn)一步提高運力資源利用率、增加高速鐵路收益的關(guān)鍵。論文從當(dāng)前我國鐵路客票體系下的統(tǒng)一基準(zhǔn)票價率和固定票價的局限性出發(fā),對高速鐵路票價的優(yōu)化方法展開研究。針對不同的實際情況,分別對單列車的動態(tài)票價問題、多列車的差異化票價問題和多列車的差異化動態(tài)票價問題進(jìn)行建模和求解,論文的主要研究工作如下:1、通過對高速鐵路票價動態(tài)優(yōu)化所解決的實際問題的描述,明確問題的定義;在理論層面將票價優(yōu)化問題抽象為供需匹配問題,鐵路部門提供的運輸服務(wù)作為供給方,旅客作為需求方,票價則是供需匹配關(guān)系中的關(guān)鍵因素,進(jìn)一步對供給的屬性、需求的特性以及供需匹配關(guān)系進(jìn)行抽象和分析,從而明確論文研究的邊界;分別對單列車的動態(tài)票價問題、多列車的差異化票價問題和多列車的差異化動態(tài)票價問題建立形式化的數(shù)學(xué)模型,根據(jù)模型的結(jié)構(gòu)特征梳理出三者的邏輯關(guān)系,形成問題的理論框架。2、對于起訖點間不同列車的服務(wù)屬性差別不大的情況,研究單列車的動態(tài)票價問題,對列車各個運行區(qū)段分別給出調(diào)價時刻和各時刻的最優(yōu)票價。首先,通過與航空以及其他國家鐵路的對比,對我國鐵路旅客運輸?shù)奶匦赃M(jìn)行分析,作為后續(xù)建模的基礎(chǔ);其次,通過對客票數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析得到預(yù)售期內(nèi)旅客購票時間的規(guī)律,并提出根據(jù)旅客購票規(guī)律確定調(diào)價時刻的方法;然后,在確定型需求的假設(shè)下,建立單列車的動態(tài)票價優(yōu)化模型,采用拉格朗日乘子法求解;最后,通過實例驗證了方法的可行性和有效性。3、在固定票價的前提下,研究起訖點間不同列車的差異化定價問題。首先,對于一定票價下的需求分布問題進(jìn)行研究,在對旅客選擇行為分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出彈性需求下的客流分配方法;其次,建立多列車差異化定價問題的雙層規(guī)劃模型,上層規(guī)劃為以票價為自變量、以鐵路部門收益最大為目標(biāo)的規(guī)劃模型,下層規(guī)劃為給定票價下的客流分配模型;然后,改進(jìn)靈敏度分析方法計算客流分配結(jié)果對于票價變化的導(dǎo)數(shù),并設(shè)計基于靈敏度分析的啟發(fā)式算法求解雙層規(guī)劃模型,經(jīng)實例驗證,在論文提出的差異化票價方案下客運量和鐵路部門的收益均得以提高。4、對于起訖點間的多列車差異顯著且需求具有明顯的時變特性的一般情況,研究多列車的差異化、動態(tài)票價問題,給出不同列車在不同時間的最優(yōu)票價。首先,對于該復(fù)雜的決策過程建立動態(tài)規(guī)劃模型,并對模型的求解復(fù)雜度進(jìn)行分析;其次,建立最優(yōu)指標(biāo)函數(shù)的求解模型,根據(jù)模型的結(jié)構(gòu)特性推導(dǎo)出最優(yōu)指標(biāo)函數(shù)估計值的計算方法;然后,在系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換過程中引入決策后狀態(tài)變量,并設(shè)計基于決策后狀態(tài)變量的近似動態(tài)規(guī)劃算法;最后,模型和算法的可行性經(jīng)實例驗證,實驗結(jié)果表明該票價優(yōu)化方法可吸引更多旅客,并有助于提高高速鐵路的收益。
[Abstract]:Unchanged in the infrastructure and capacity allocation, optimization of the ticket price is to further improve the utilization rate of resources and capacity, increase revenue. The key of high speed railway from the current railway ticket system in China under the unified standard fare rate and fixed fare limitation out of the optimization method for high speed railway fares. According to the actual situation of different, two single train dynamic pricing problem, the difference between the train fare and train the dynamic pricing problem of modeling and solving, the main works of this paper are as follows: 1, through the actual problems of high-speed railway fares dynamic optimization of the description of the defined problem at the theoretical level; will fare optimization problem into the problem of matching supply and demand, the railway departments to provide transportation services as the supply side, as the passenger demand, the fare is for The need to match the key factors in the relationship, further to the supply of property, demand characteristics and supply and demand matching relationship between abstraction and analysis, so as to clear the research boundary; two single train dynamic pricing problem, the mathematical model of differential difference train fares and multiple train fare dynamic problems the establishment of formal according to the structural characteristics of the model, sort out the logic of the relationship between the three, the theoretical framework of.2 formation, the service attributes had little differences between the start and end of the train, the fare of a single train dynamic problem, the optimal price for each train running section are given the price adjustment time and the time. First of all, with the compared to other airlines and national railway, the characteristics of railway passenger transport in our country is analyzed, as a basis for subsequent modeling; secondly, based on the statistical data of the ticket By analysis of passenger ticket pre-sale period of time, and put forward the method of determining the price adjustment time according to passenger ticket rules; then, in determining the type of demand under the assumption of establishing dynamic pricing optimization model of a single train, using the Lagrange multiplier method for solving; finally, through the example proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the.3. In the premise of fixed fare, the difference between the start and end of different train pricing problems. First, study the demand distribution problem for certain fares, based on the analysis of passenger choice behavior, the passenger flow distribution method under elastic demand; secondly, bi level planning model is established the pricing problem of multi train differences the upper, planning to fare as independent variables, programming model with the objective of maximizing the revenue of railway department, planning to lower the passenger flow assignment model under the fixed ticket price; then, improved sensitivity The calculation results for the changing price of passenger flow distribution derivative method, and design a heuristic algorithm for Solving Bilevel Programming Model Based on sensitivity analysis, it is proved that the differences in the proposed scheme of fare passenger traffic and the railway sector benefits are improved.4, has generally obvious time-varying characteristics of the train to the difference between the start and end of a significant and demand difference research train, dynamic pricing problem, given different train in the optimal price at different time. First of all, for the complex decision process to establish the dynamic programming model, and solving the model complexity analysis; secondly, to solve the model to establish the optimal index function, according to the the structure characteristics of the model push optimal index function is derived to estimate the value calculation method; then, introduces the decision in system transition process after the state variable, and based on the design decision Finally, the feasibility of the model and algorithm is verified by an example. The experimental results show that the fare optimization method can attract more passengers, and help to improve the profit of high-speed railway.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F532.5

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