本文關(guān)鍵詞： 港口 船舶 岸電 環(huán)境效益 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著全球海運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),由海洋運(yùn)輸工具造成的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重。因此,研究減少與控制由海運(yùn)所帶來(lái)的污染物排放的方法和技術(shù)對(duì)我國(guó)進(jìn)一步可持續(xù)發(fā)展有著相當(dāng)重要的意義。現(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果表明,2010年上海港船舶對(duì)上海市大氣污染物總量的貢獻(xiàn)主要集中在SO2、NOx,分別為12.0%、9.0%,對(duì)全市PM2.5的直接排放分擔(dān)率為5.3%。遠(yuǎn)洋船是船舶排放的首要來(lái)源,其SO2、NOx和PM2.s排放量對(duì)全市排放清單的分擔(dān)率分別達(dá)到11.59%、8.4%和5.1%。其中,遠(yuǎn)洋船的排放一半以上來(lái)自集裝箱船。岸電技術(shù)是港口節(jié)能減排的有效措施。用城市電力對(duì)靠港船舶直接供電,對(duì)建設(shè)“資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型”港口具有重要意義。文章通過(guò)查閱大量國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)資料和對(duì)上海港靠港船舶實(shí)施岸電的情況進(jìn)行調(diào)研和考察的基礎(chǔ)上,著重介紹上海港目前所使用在集裝箱碼頭的岸電技術(shù)。文中具體闡述了岸電技術(shù)的基本概念、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和具體實(shí)施過(guò)程,并對(duì)集裝箱船接用岸電的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境效益進(jìn)行計(jì)算和分析。結(jié)果表明,集裝箱船使用岸電的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與油價(jià)、電價(jià)息息相關(guān)。當(dāng)重油(IF0380)價(jià)高于5092.59元/噸時(shí),使用岸電的成本將低于使用重油發(fā)電的成本；當(dāng)電價(jià)低于0.83元/kWh時(shí),使用岸電的成本也將低于使用重油發(fā)電的成本。船舶使用岸電的環(huán)境效益十分明顯,可以有效減少船舶輔機(jī)發(fā)電所產(chǎn)生的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、二氧化碳。據(jù)計(jì)算,一艘4250 TEU集裝箱船停港期間如使用岸電可減少SOx排放1239.84kg/年,減少NOx排放2340kg/年,減少C02排放122940kg/年。2012年,上海港到港國(guó)際航行船舶達(dá)21030艘,其中30%為集裝箱船,約有6309艘。如這些遠(yuǎn)洋集裝箱船型都是4250TEU的集裝箱船,�？可虾８燮陂g停止使用輔機(jī)改用岸電,則這些集裝箱船將減少SOx排放7822.2噸/年,減少NOx排放14763噸/年,減少C02排放775628.5噸/年,并且這些大氣污染物并未從港區(qū)向電廠轉(zhuǎn)移。文章最后,作者提出上海港推廣使用岸電的優(yōu)勢(shì)以及需要解決的問(wèn)題,并指出在全球應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、減少大氣污染物排放的背景下,岸基船用供電技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景非常廣闊。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of the global maritime transport business, the environmental pollution caused by marine transportation is becoming more and more serious. It is very important to study the methods and techniques of reducing and controlling pollutant emissions from marine transportation in China for further sustainable development. The existing research results show that in 2010, Shanghai Port ships contributed to the atmospheric pollutants in Shanghai. The contribution of the total amount is mainly concentrated in so _ 2N _ x, which are 12.0 and 9.0 respectively, and the direct emission sharing rate to the whole city's PM2.5 is 5.3.The ocean-going ship is the primary source of the ship's emissions. The contribution rates of so _ 2 no _ x and PM2.s emissions to the whole city's emission inventory are 11.5984% and 5.1%, respectively. Among them, more than half of the emissions from ocean-going vessels come from container ships. Shore electricity technology is an effective measure for energy saving and emission reduction in ports. It is of great significance to build a "resource-conserving, environment-friendly" port. Based on a large number of domestic and international literature and investigation and investigation of the implementation of shore electricity by ships in Shanghai Port, The paper emphatically introduces the onshore electricity technology used in container terminal in Shanghai Port. The basic concept, key technology and concrete implementation process of onshore electricity technology are described in detail in this paper. The results show that the economic benefit of onshore electricity used by container ship is closely related to oil price and electricity price. When the price of heavy oil is higher than 5092.59 yuan / ton, The cost of using onshore electricity will be lower than the cost of using heavy oil to generate electricity. When the electricity price is less than 0.83 yuan / kWh, the cost of using onshore electricity will also be lower than the cost of using heavy oil to generate electricity. It can effectively reduce the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide produced by the auxiliary power generation of ships. It is calculated that the use of onshore electricity during the period of stopping port of a 4250 TEU container ship can reduce the emission of SOx and reduce the emission of NOx at 1239.84 kg / year and 2340 kg / year respectively. Reducing CO2 emissions 122940kg / year. In 2012, there were 21030 ships on international voyages from Shanghai Port to Hong Kong, of which 30% were container ships, and there were about 6309.If these ocean-going container vessels were all container ships of 4250TEU type, they would stop using auxiliary machines and switch to onshore electricity during the port of Shanghai. Then these container ships will reduce SOx emissions by 7822.2 tons per year, NOx emissions by 14763 tons per year, CO2 emissions by 775628.5 tons per year, and these atmospheric pollutants have not been transferred from port areas to power plants. The author puts forward the advantages of Shanghai Port in popularizing the use of onshore electricity and the problems to be solved, and points out that in the context of global response to climate change and reduction of atmospheric pollutant emissions, the application prospect of shore-based marine power supply technology is very broad.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U653.95;F552

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本文編號(hào)：1520642