本文關(guān)鍵詞： 港口 裝卸服務(wù) 價格機(jī)制　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國港口在經(jīng)歷了港口體制改革之后，由原來的計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制逐步向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)變，港口在運(yùn)營和發(fā)展上也面臨著從國家主導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦劭谄髽I(yè)和區(qū)域自身主導(dǎo)。正是由于港口對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要拉動作用和對其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要支撐作用，港口產(chǎn)業(yè)在“十一五”期間取得了長足的發(fā)展，地區(qū)和各級政府對港口業(yè)的發(fā)展尤為關(guān)注。 在全球化和國際貿(mào)易日益興盛的今天，船公司對港口的使用日益集中，我國沿海各港口為爭奪區(qū)域性中心地位，紛紛采取低價爭奪貨源，盲目擴(kuò)大市場份額，價格競爭愈演愈烈。天津港作為我國歷史最為悠久的沿海大港之一，是京津冀地區(qū)重要的口岸通道，為京津冀地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了重要的支撐。近幾年，隨著周邊港口的崛起，散雜貨裝卸業(yè)務(wù)成為區(qū)域港口群競爭的焦點(diǎn)之一，天津港市場份額面臨逐步削弱。如何在當(dāng)前制度框架下設(shè)計合理的價格機(jī)制，應(yīng)對周邊港口競爭的同時，滿足腹地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要，實現(xiàn)天津港自身的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，是目前天津港所要面臨的問題。 本文的研究，從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的價格理論入手，遵循以下研究思路： 首先，分析了國內(nèi)外當(dāng)前港口散雜貨裝卸價格現(xiàn)狀，對我國沿海港口裝卸價格管理機(jī)制進(jìn)行了深入的研究，重點(diǎn)選取了美國、歐洲、日本等國家和地區(qū)，對其港口碼頭定價策略和費(fèi)收價格管理機(jī)制進(jìn)行搜集和整理，并歸納總結(jié)國外經(jīng)驗對天津港的啟示。 其次，研究了天津港當(dāng)前的散雜貨裝卸業(yè)務(wù)以及在港口吞吐量區(qū)域中的地位，，分析未來渤海灣港口和天津港吞吐量發(fā)展趨勢，結(jié)合競爭態(tài)勢和天津港所處地位為天津港裝卸服務(wù)價格策略提供了分析基礎(chǔ)。 最后，在分析研究天津港散雜貨裝卸價格機(jī)制現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，對其價格水平和價格形成機(jī)制進(jìn)行了評價，提出了天津港在進(jìn)行裝卸價格管理機(jī)制上應(yīng)采取的思路，并提出價格形成機(jī)制和價格調(diào)整機(jī)制，針對具體貨種和具體腹地服務(wù)對象，提出了不同的定價策略。 通過本次研究，對港口裝卸價格的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理進(jìn)行了整理和歸納，通過價格理論中的市場供給需求關(guān)系模型設(shè)計了天津港散雜貨裝卸價格機(jī)制的思路及運(yùn)行模式，并從價格機(jī)制角度為天津港今后散雜貨裝卸業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展提供了措施建議。 得出的結(jié)論是定價是港口競爭中諸多因素之一，港口企業(yè)在制定散雜貨裝卸機(jī)制時，應(yīng)把握港口作業(yè)效率與港口價格之間的合理性價比，優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價才是港口長期生存發(fā)展的必要條件。針對不同的貨類和腹地類型，應(yīng)采取不同的定價策略，針對不同的貨主，應(yīng)有不同的價格和服務(wù)。調(diào)整價格時應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注上下游環(huán)節(jié)的盈利狀況，以確定天津港自身能爭取的調(diào)價空間。 以此結(jié)論提出幾點(diǎn)建議 第一，天津港在港口建設(shè)、集疏運(yùn)通道、業(yè)務(wù)管理等方面進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，壓縮成本，力爭做到優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價。 第二，加強(qiáng)與周邊港口的溝通，推動形成區(qū)域內(nèi)鄰近港口間的協(xié)同競爭關(guān)系。 第三，建立本港的價格指標(biāo)監(jiān)測平臺，監(jiān)測市場運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，定期進(jìn)行分析預(yù)警，制定靈活及時的價格調(diào)整機(jī)制。 第四，針對腹地特性，針對不同客戶，推行不同的定價策略。 第五，走差異化發(fā)展道路，通過提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量和裝卸效率、改善集疏運(yùn)條件等非價格因素來參與市場競爭，通過優(yōu)勢貨種在區(qū)域內(nèi)樹立價格影響力。 第六，積極爭取地方政府財政及政策扶持，內(nèi)外結(jié)合，增強(qiáng)自身市場競爭力。 第七，加強(qiáng)與大貨主和船公司合作，參與全程物流組織，積極利用資本紐帶，實現(xiàn)利益共同體，保證穩(wěn)定貨源，實現(xiàn)港口的規(guī)模收益。
[Abstract]:Port of our country after the reform of port system, from the original planned economy system gradually transforms to the market economy system, the port in operation and development is also facing a transition from national leading enterprises and regional port itself. It is because the port on the national economy have played an important supporting role and to other industries the port industry has made great progress in the "11th Five-Year" period, particularly concerned about the area and all levels of government on the development of the port industry.
In today's globalization and international trade has become increasingly prosperous, the shipping companies in the port is increasingly concentrated, China's coastal ports for the regional center, have taken low-cost competition for supply, expand market share, price competition intensified. Tianjin port is the history of our country is one of the most ancient coastal port is an important port. Channel of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, provides an important support for the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region's economic development. In recent years, with the rise of the surrounding ports, cargo handling services has become the focus of the competition of the port group, Tianjin port market share face gradually weakened. How to design a reasonable price mechanism under the current institutional framework, to deal with the surrounding ports the competition at the same time, to meet the needs of economic development in the hinterland, realize the sustainable development of Tianjin port, Tianjin port is currently facing the problem.
The study of this paper, starting with the price theory of economics, follows the following research ideas:
First, analyzed the current domestic and international port cargo handling price situation, on China's coastal port price management mechanism is studied, focusing on the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries and regions, the port fee pricing strategy and price management system of collecting and collating, and summarized abroad the experience and Enlightenment of Tianjin port.
Secondly, the current research of Tianjin port bulk cargo handling business and status in port throughput in the region, analysis of future development of Bohai bay port and Tianjin port throughput trends, combined with the competition situation of Tianjin port and the position provides basis for the analysis of Tianjin port handling service pricing strategy.
Finally, based on the analysis and research of Tianjin port bulk cargo loading and unloading on the status of the price mechanism, the mechanism of the price level and the price formation of the evaluation, proposed the Tianjin port should be taken in handling the price mechanism of management ideas, and puts forward the pricing mechanism and price adjustment mechanism, according to the specific types of goods and service object specific hinterland and put forward different pricing strategies.
Through this study, the economics principle of port price were collated and summarized, the theory of price in the market supply and demand relationship model design ideas and mode of operation of Tianjin port bulk cargo loading and unloading mechanism of price, and the price mechanism from the angle for the development of Tianjin port in the future cargo handling services provides measures and suggestions.
The conclusion is pricing is one of the many factors of port competition, enterprises in the development of port bulk cargo loading and unloading mechanism, should grasp the reasonable price between port operation efficiency and port price, the high quality is essential for the long-term survival and development of the port. According to the type of goods and the hinterland of different, should adopt different pricing strategies. In view of the different owner should have different price and service. The price adjustment should focus on downstream links to determine the profitability of Tianjin port itself can strive for price space.
Some suggestions are put forward with this conclusion
First, the Tianjin port in port construction, transportation, business management and other aspects of further optimization, reduce costs, and strive to achieve high quality and low price.
Second, strengthen communication with the surrounding ports, and promote the formation of a cooperative competitive relationship between the adjacent ports in the region.
Third, set up a monitoring platform for the price index of Hong Kong, monitor the running state of the market, make regular analysis and early warning, and formulate a flexible and timely price adjustment mechanism.
Fourth, in view of hinterland characteristics, different pricing strategies are implemented for different customers.
Fifth, take different path of development, by improving the quality of services and improve the efficiency of loading and unloading, transportation and other non price factors to participate in market competition, the advantages of goods set price influence in the region.
Sixth, actively strive for local government financial and policy support, combined with internal and external, to enhance the competitiveness of their own market.
Seventh, we must strengthen cooperation with large cargo owners and shipping companies, participate in the whole logistics organization, actively utilize capital ties to achieve interest communities, ensure stable supply of goods and achieve the scale returns of ports.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F552

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張帥;錦州港碼頭泊位利用率研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年

本文編號：1518981