本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速公路 投融資模式 公路基金制 補償機制　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為一項重要的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，高速公路對一個國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與社會的進(jìn)步具有巨大的推動作用。高速公路的出現(xiàn)縮短了城市間在時間上與空間上的距離，加快了社會資源流動的速度，提高了社會資源的利用效率，對人們生產(chǎn)生活的各個方面都產(chǎn)生著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，運輸需求的不斷增大，人們對高速公路的需求也在不斷增加。然而，同其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)一樣，高速公路建設(shè)也離不開資金的支持，高速公路的發(fā)展與其行業(yè)背后投融資模式的籌資能力緊密相關(guān)。正如生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系一樣，高速公路發(fā)展的過程中，在某一階段，高速公路發(fā)展的資金需求與其投融資模式的籌資能力是相匹配的，但隨著高速公路的不斷發(fā)展，資金需求的不斷提高，原有的融資模式已無法滿足現(xiàn)有高速公路建設(shè)對資金的需求，持續(xù)的資金供給小于資金需求，就導(dǎo)致資金缺口的出現(xiàn)，從而制約高速公路的發(fā)展。雖然政府可以通過應(yīng)用一些經(jīng)濟(jì)手段暫時地彌補資金缺口，但從長遠(yuǎn)上看，如果不從根本上改變投融資制度，就很難真正地解決融資缺口問題。 本文將從高速公路相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論著手，界定現(xiàn)階段高速公路的準(zhǔn)公共品屬性，并對高速公路與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的正相關(guān)性、高速公路的經(jīng)濟(jì)特性及其收費定價理論進(jìn)行相關(guān)介紹，為后文討論的展開做好理論鋪墊。筆者在認(rèn)真梳理高速公路投融資制度發(fā)展的歷史和全面分析我國現(xiàn)階段所存在的高速公路投融資方式內(nèi)容特點的基礎(chǔ)上，對當(dāng)前我國高速公路的投融資現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行深入剖析，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前我國投融資制度中存在中央財政資金投入不足，投融資結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，以及投融資風(fēng)險正逐漸增加這三方面問題，且三者之間存在一定的因果關(guān)系。明確這點對于把握投融資現(xiàn)狀，找出解決方案至關(guān)重要。筆者將借鑒美國高速公路的“公路基金制”，提出將“公路基金制”有變化的應(yīng)用到我國高速公路投融資模式的建設(shè)中，建立適合中國國情、具有中國特色的“公路基金制”。“公路基金制”的引入，能夠從根本上改變我國當(dāng)前高速公路投融資結(jié)構(gòu)不合理的狀態(tài)，分別從資金來源、使用方式及所具有的擔(dān)保作用等三方面對我國高速公路的投融資模式進(jìn)行調(diào)整。筆者最終將構(gòu)建以“公路基金制”為主，，其他市場型投融資方式為輔的中國高速公路投融資模式，并大膽設(shè)想了與之相配套的補償機制，完善整個高速公路投融資體系。 在筆者所構(gòu)建的高速公路投融資模式中，將“公路基金制”作為融資模式的主導(dǎo)方式，保證建設(shè)資金使用的規(guī)范性與合理性，形成穩(wěn)定的資金來源。同時“公路基金制”將為其他市場型投融資方式提供擔(dān)保資金，增強民間資本對高速公路市場型投融資的信心，帶動市場型投融資方式的蓬勃發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As an important transportation infrastructure, expressway plays an important role in promoting the economic development and social progress of a country. The emergence of expressway shortens the distance between cities in time and space. It accelerates the speed of social resource flow, improves the efficiency of social resource utilization, and has a profound influence on all aspects of people's production and life. With the development of economy, the demand for transportation is increasing. People's demand for highways is also increasing. However, like other infrastructure construction, highway construction cannot do without the support of funds. The development of expressway is closely related to the financing ability of the investment and financing model behind its industry. Just as the relationship between productivity and production relations, the expressway development process, at a certain stage, The capital demand of expressway development is matched with the financing ability of its investment and financing mode. However, with the continuous development of expressway, the capital demand is increasing. The original financing mode can no longer meet the demand for funds in the existing highway construction. The sustained supply of funds is smaller than the demand for funds, which leads to the emergence of a funding gap. Although the government can use some economic means to make up for the fund gap temporarily, in the long run, if the investment and financing system is not fundamentally changed, it is very difficult to really solve the financing gap problem. This paper begins with the theory of expressway economy, defines the property of quasi-public goods of expressway at present, and introduces the positive correlation between expressway and economic development, the economic characteristics of expressway and its pricing theory. On the basis of carefully combing the history of expressway investment and financing system development and comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of expressway investment and financing mode content existing in our country at the present stage, By analyzing the present situation of investment and financing of expressway in our country, it is found that there are three problems in the present investment and financing system of our country, such as insufficient central financial investment, unreasonable investment and financing structure, and the increasing risk of investment and financing. And there is a certain causality between the three. It is very important to find out the solution. The author will draw lessons from the highway fund system of the United States, and put forward that the "highway fund system" should be applied to the construction of the expressway investment and financing mode in China, and the construction of the highway fund system will be suitable for the national conditions of China. The "highway fund system" with Chinese characteristics. The introduction of "highway fund system" can fundamentally change the irrational state of the current expressway investment and financing structure in China, respectively from the sources of funds. This paper adjusts the mode of investment and financing of expressway in our country from three aspects, such as the way of using and the function of guarantee. Finally, the author will construct the "highway fund system" as the main part. Other market-type investment and financing modes are supplemented by China's expressway investment and financing mode, and the matching compensation mechanism is boldly envisaged to perfect the whole expressway investment and financing system. In the expressway investment and financing mode constructed by the author, the "highway fund system" is regarded as the leading mode of financing mode to ensure the standardization and rationality of the use of construction funds. At the same time, the "highway fund system" will provide guarantee funds for other market-based investment and financing methods, enhance the confidence of private capital in expressway market-based investment and financing, and promote the vigorous development of market-based investment and financing methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F542;F832.4

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