本文關鍵詞：公路貨運價格形成及規(guī)制研究　出處：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 公路貨運 形成機制 運價 規(guī)制

【摘要】：公路貨物運輸業(yè)是我國較早實行市場化改革的行業(yè)之一,在快速發(fā)展的同時也逐漸暴露出很多問題:由于貨運市場進出壁壘較低,運輸從業(yè)者尤其是個體經(jīng)營者大量涌入,逐漸形成了過度競爭狀態(tài)。公路貨運從業(yè)者之間的競爭多以價格為主,行業(yè)的利潤率很低,大多數(shù)運輸從業(yè)者保本或虧本經(jīng)營的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)成為行業(yè)內(nèi)公開的秘密。這種因市場失靈形成的運價不僅挫傷了運輸從業(yè)者改善服務水平的積極性,也不利于行業(yè)大企業(yè)的形成與發(fā)展,長期下去必然影響行業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,需要政府采取相應的措施予以改善。文章希望從公路貨運市場價格形成機制角度出發(fā),通過實地調(diào)研進行合理價格水平的研究來分析目前的運價水平及問題,不僅可以為今后定價的研究提供一定的參考價值,也為規(guī)制貨運市場的運價提供了一些實際建議和數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。本文在對國內(nèi)外關于運價形成機制和運價規(guī)制等相關理論研究的基礎上,針對我國貨運價格形成機制、現(xiàn)價水平、合理價格水平和價格規(guī)制方法展開研究,進行了深入詳細地闡述。分析了公路貨運市場上目前的三種組織模式,對其價格體系及運價構成做了說明,將研究重點放在個體運輸者層面。分析了運價形成理論及各種定價方法的優(yōu)缺點,選用成本加成法作為個體運輸者層面的定價方法。通過對比案例貨運專線市場不同分線、不同車型和不同噸位的運價,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用分線路市場的運價說明整個市場的運價,故綜合案例專線貨運市場的數(shù)據(jù)對其特定車型、特定貨物和特定噸位的成本進行測算。考慮到燃油價格的變動對車輛的運輸成本的影響較大,本文給出了單位運輸成本的計算公式:y=0.0375x+0.3256,其中y表示單位運輸成本,x表示燃油價格。綜合全國公路物流類18家上市公司2012-2014年的平均利潤率和這三年的市場五年無風險存款率確定公路貨運行業(yè)的合理回報率為6%,得到公路貨運市場的運價計算公式:y=(0.0375x+0.3256)(1+6%);在此基礎上測算出案例貨運專線市場的合理運價是0.63元/噸公里,但其實際運價則是0.43元/噸公里,僅能補償其變動成本。通過對西安—陜北專線貨運市場運價水平分析發(fā)現(xiàn):貨運市場的現(xiàn)價在一年內(nèi)振幅很大但卻在時間段內(nèi)振幅很小;目前市場的價格是在過度競爭狀態(tài)下形成的,和合理價格水平相差很大,若此時對價格水平進行規(guī)制則無疑是在保護過度競爭,所以應從價格結構角度進行價格規(guī)制。考慮到目前的市場價格問題主要是因為各個市場主體之間的信息不對稱造成的,本文主要從價格公示平臺的建立、嚴抓監(jiān)管倒逼落后退出、按區(qū)域性和貨種等角度對運價的合理進行了規(guī)制。
[Abstract]:Highway transportation is one of China's early implementation of market-oriented reforms in the rapid development of the industry, but also gradually exposed many problems: because the freight market entry barriers are low, especially the influx of transportation practitioners self-employed, gradually formed a state of excessive competition. The competition between road freight practitioners to price. Industry profit rate is very low, most of the capital or transportation practitioners operating at a loss phenomenon has become an open secret in the industry. This is formed because of the market failure rate not only dampened the enthusiasm of transportation practitioners improve the service level, is not conducive to the formation and development of the industry of large enterprises, long-term sustainable development will inevitably affect the industry. The government should take appropriate measures to improve. The hope from the price formation mechanism of highway freight market perspective, through on-the-spot investigation Study on the reasonable price level to analyze the price level and the present problems, can not only provide reference for the future pricing research, also provides some practical suggestions and data basis for the regulation of cargo market rate. Based on the relevant theoretical research on mechanism and regulation of the formation of freight rates both at home and abroad. According to China's freight price formation mechanism, the price level of reasonable price level and price regulation methods, in-depth detailed analysis. Three kinds of organization mode of current highway freight market, the price system and price structure are described, focusing on the individual level of transportation. The advantages and disadvantages of pricing theory and pricing method, the cost plus pricing method of individual transport level. By comparing the case of freight line Market Lines, different types and different tonnage rates can be found in line market rate indicating that the market price, so the comprehensive case of dedicated freight market data on the specific models, estimates of specific goods and special tonnage cost. Considering the influence of oil price changes on the transportation cost of the vehicle is large, is given in this paper the calculation formula of unit transportation cost: y=0.0375x+0.3256, which y said the unit cost of transportation, X said fuel prices. National highway logistics class of 18 listed companies, the average profit margin of 2012-2014 years and the three years the market for five years without risk of deposit rate to determine the reasonable return of highway freight industry rate was 6% and the formula of highway freight market rate: y= (0.0375x+0.3256) (1+6%); on the basis of reasonable freight calculate case of freight line market is 0.63 yuan / ton, but the actual price It is 0.43 yuan / ton, can only compensate the variable cost. Through the Xi'an Northern Shaanxi freight line market price level analysis: freight market price within a year of large amplitude but in time amplitude is very small; the current market price is in the form of excessive competition condition, and reasonable price the level of difference, if the price level regulation is excessive competition in the protection, so should the price structure point of price regulation. Considering the current market price is mainly because each market caused by asymmetric information, this paper from the establishment of price publicity platform, strict supervision of forced backward exit, according to regional and goods of freight of reasonable regulation.

【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F542.5

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本文編號：1387922