本文選題：教育成本 + 教育收益　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 改革開放以來,農(nóng)村居民的收入經(jīng)歷了持續(xù)的增長。作為中國經(jīng)濟、文化最為落后的西部農(nóng)村,雖然從時序上看,農(nóng)民收入起步低、增長緩慢,但是同樣經(jīng)歷著持續(xù)增長的趨勢。隨著農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營自主性的增強,特別是城鄉(xiāng)分割制度的松動,西部農(nóng)村居民外出就業(yè)機會的增多,教育通過優(yōu)化資源的配置、提高經(jīng)濟效率,從而在農(nóng)村居民的收入增長和農(nóng)村內(nèi)部收入差距擴大的演變進程中發(fā)揮了重要作用,教育也被政府看作是促進西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、解決西部貧困的根本和長久之策。但是,由于西部經(jīng)濟落后,農(nóng)村居民收入總體水平仍然很低,教育能否成為促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和解決貧困問題的有效手段,不僅依賴于政府對西部農(nóng)村教育投資的水平,還取決于西部家庭教育決策的微觀行為對教育發(fā)展的影響。貧困人口能否獲得足以滿足生產(chǎn)發(fā)展需要的教育水平和教育質(zhì)量以及他們所接受的教育在勞動力市場上是否具有一定的競爭力就成為西部教育發(fā)展的根本目標。建立在西部家庭教育決策分析之上的政府合理干預(yù)就成為打破西部低經(jīng)濟水平-低教育程度-低經(jīng)濟水平的低水平均衡的關(guān)鍵。 本文利用“甘肅基礎(chǔ)教育項目”2000年、2004年和2008年的甘肅農(nóng)村住戶調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),從教育投資的成本出發(fā),探討農(nóng)村家庭決定送子女入學(xué)所承擔的教育直接成本和機會成本及其變化。從教育投資的收益出發(fā),估計了農(nóng)村教育收益率,分析了其年度變化趨勢以及將對家庭教育決策的影響。重點對農(nóng)村家庭教育決策的影響因素進行計量分析。 本文的研究表明,從農(nóng)村家庭直接教育成本看,義務(wù)教育階段的家庭教育基本支出在2008年下降了,“兩免一補”政策使農(nóng)村家庭普遍得到實惠,特別是貧困家庭子女上學(xué)難的問題得到基本解決,但是家庭附屬教育費用已成為義務(wù)教育階段家庭教育支出項目中最高費用,而承擔這一費用的絕大多數(shù)是經(jīng)濟條件更為落后偏遠村莊的家庭,“補助困難學(xué)生生活費”政策又不能全面落實,因而加重了貧困家庭教育負擔。相比下降了的義務(wù)教育階段的基本教育成本,農(nóng)村高中教育階段的費用卻在不斷升高,貧困家庭子女更容易在這一階段輟學(xué),本文研究又表明,是否接受高中或中專及以上的教育對今后西部農(nóng)村居民從事非農(nóng)就業(yè),增加收入來說,具有更加積極的影響。因此,子女是否上高中或中專及以上的教育將成為農(nóng)村家庭教育決策面臨的主要問題。 農(nóng)村家庭收入對高中年齡階段孩子教育的影響遠遠大于義務(wù)教育階段的孩子。通過分性別的家庭教育決策方程估計,家庭收入對女孩就學(xué)的約束力超過男孩,特別在高中階段,貧困家庭的女孩子輟學(xué)的可能性就更大了。教育的質(zhì)量效應(yīng)超過了價格效應(yīng)。說明學(xué)校質(zhì)量是影響農(nóng)村孩子就學(xué)一個重要因素。通過輟學(xué)原因統(tǒng)計分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)西部農(nóng)村學(xué)校(主要是小學(xué)和初中)的教育質(zhì)量在農(nóng)村教育影響因素中的地位越來越凸現(xiàn),已成為制約農(nóng)村居民教育水平從初等教育向中等教育發(fā)展的重要制約因素,成為農(nóng)村教育發(fā)展的最為薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。公共教育支出對農(nóng)村家庭教育決策具有積極的正向影響,但這種影響作用的發(fā)揮需經(jīng)一個長期積累的過程。除了小學(xué)與文盲的差異變小外,父母親受教育程度對孩子就學(xué)概率的影響都為正。 本文研究的實踐意義在于:首先、確立以中央為主的經(jīng)費籌措方案,確保西部貧困寄宿生普遍享受足額的生活補貼。其次、農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育階段的質(zhì)量影響著農(nóng)村居民接受高中教育的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量,中央財政要繼續(xù)加大對西部義務(wù)教育的投資力度,重點放在教師隊伍建設(shè)、提高農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育質(zhì)量上。再次、中等教育將成為西部農(nóng)村家庭教育決策的主要階段,家庭收入對高中就學(xué)的影響依然很大,公共財政可以通過補助高中寄宿生生活補貼的方式來鼓勵農(nóng)村高中教育的發(fā)展。最后、加大公共財政對職業(yè)中專的資金投入,降低私人教育分擔比例,鼓勵和引導(dǎo)農(nóng)村居民選擇職業(yè)化教育。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the income of the rural residents has experienced a continuous increase. As the Chinese economy and the most backward culture in the western rural areas, although the income of the farmers is low and the growth is slow, the trend of continuous growth is also experienced. With the increase of farmers' Autonomy in production and management, especially the loosening of the system of urban and rural division, The increase of employment opportunities for the rural residents in the west, by optimizing the allocation of resources and improving the economic efficiency, has played an important role in the evolution of the income growth of rural residents and the expansion of the income gap in the rural areas. Education has also been regarded by the government as the fundamental and long way to promote the economic development of the western region and to solve the poverty in the West. However, due to the backward economy in the west, the overall level of rural residents' income is still very low. Whether education can become an effective means to promote economic development and solve the problem of poverty is not only dependent on the level of government investment in the western rural education, but also on the impact of the micro behavior of the western family education and education decision on the development of education. Whether the education level and quality of the population are enough to meet the needs of production and development as well as whether the education they accept is competitive in the labor market has become the fundamental goal of the development of western education. Level - low education - the key to a low level of low economic equilibrium.
In this paper, based on the Gansu basic education project in 2000, 2004 and 2008, the survey data of rural households in Gansu, from the cost of education investment, discuss the direct and opportunity cost and the change of opportunity cost for the rural families to decide to send their children to school. From the income of educational investment, the income of rural education is estimated, and the analysis of the income of rural education is made. The annual trend of change and its impact on family education decisions are analyzed.
The study shows that, from the cost of direct education in rural families, the basic expenditure of family education in compulsory education has fallen in 2008. The policy of "two exemption and one supplement" has made rural families get practical benefits, especially the problems of children in poor families are basically solved, but the cost of family education has become compulsory education. The highest cost in the project of family education expenditure is the most, and the most of the cost is the family in the remote and remote villages. The policy of "subsidized students' living expenses" can not be fully implemented. Therefore, the burden of education for the poor families is aggravated. The basic education cost of the reduced compulsory education stage is higher than the rural high. The cost of the middle school education is increasing, and the children of poor families are more likely to drop out of school at this stage. This paper also shows whether the acceptance of high school or secondary school and above has a more positive impact on the non-agricultural employment of the rural residents in the West and the increase of income in the future. Education will become the main problem of rural family education decision-making.
The influence of rural family income on the education of children in high school age is far greater than that of children in compulsory education stage. Through the partial family education decision equation, it is estimated that the family income is more binding on girls than boys. Especially in high school, the possibility of girls dropping out of school in poor families is greater. The quality effect of education is better. It shows that the quality of the school is an important factor affecting the school children's learning. Through the statistical analysis of the reasons for dropping out of school, it is found that the educational quality of the western rural schools (mainly primary and junior middle schools) has become more and more prominent in the influence factors of rural education, which has become a restriction on the education level of rural residents from primary education to middle schools. The important restrictive factors of the development of education have become the weakest link in the development of rural education. Public education expenditure has positive and positive influence on rural family education decision, but it needs a long-term accumulation process. In addition to the small difference between primary school and illiteracy, parents are educated to children. The influence of learning probability is positive.
The practical significance of this study lies in the following aspects: first, establish a central funding scheme to ensure that the poor boarding students in the West generally enjoy full living allowance. Secondly, the quality of the rural compulsory education stage affects the quantity and quality of rural residents to receive high school education, and the central finance should continue to increase the investment in compulsory education in the West. In addition, secondary education will be the main stage of family education decision in the western rural areas, and the influence of family income on high school education is still very great. Public finance can encourage the development of rural high school education by subsidize the living allowance of high school boarding students. Finally, we should increase public finance's investment in vocational secondary schools, reduce the proportion of private education, encourage and guide rural residents to choose vocational education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：G521;G78

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫蕾;高建軍;孫麗;;研究生教育的成本收益分析[J];遼寧教育研究;2008年05期

2 裴耀宇;;體育專業(yè)大學(xué)生家庭教育成本分析[J];武漢體育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2006年02期

3 李雁;劉芳明;;碩士研究生教育的個人投資風險研究[J];現(xiàn)代企業(yè)教育;2007年20期

4 王飛;唐蓉;;高等教育學(xué)費標準的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型研究[J];甘肅科技;2009年05期

5 李麗娟,樊紅峰;教育的成本—收益分析[J];長春理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2003年04期

6 洪熒,何光瑤;教育投資收益率計算方法研究[J];北京工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;1998年S1期

7 陳強,張鳳羽,楊芳;農(nóng)村學(xué)生輟學(xué)問題研究[J];蘭州學(xué)刊;2005年04期

8 繆代文;;適度教育規(guī)模模型研究[J];成人高教學(xué)刊;2006年06期

9 顧微微;;教育經(jīng)濟學(xué)視角下的農(nóng)村職業(yè)教育困境與出路[J];河北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(教育科學(xué)版);2011年03期

10 杜育紅;作為教育規(guī)劃技術(shù)的成本效益分析[J];清華大學(xué)教育研究;1997年03期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 楊曉霞;吳開俊;;治理“因教致貧”問題的對策建議[A];2009年中國教育經(jīng)濟學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2009年

2 楊曉霞;黃瑩;吳開俊;;教育成本與收益的失衡:“因教致貧”現(xiàn)象透析[A];2008年中國教育經(jīng)濟學(xué)年會會議論文集[C];2008年

3 張麗;;我國普通高等院校教育成本分析研究[A];北京市第十三次統(tǒng)計科學(xué)討論會論文選編[C];2006年

4 詹盛如;;成本分e$，

本文編號：1993098