本文選題：體育鍛煉　切入點(diǎn)：大學(xué)生　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 許多研究資料表明，目前我國大學(xué)生的整體心理健康狀況不容樂觀，自卑感作為大學(xué)生常見的心理障礙之一也出現(xiàn)了一種日漸嚴(yán)重的趨勢。由于長期的自卑感是導(dǎo)致大學(xué)生各種心理問題產(chǎn)生，，并影響他們健康成長的重要原因之一。因此，近些年來，對(duì)大學(xué)生自卑感問題的研究已引起了廣大學(xué)者的高度重視。自從20世紀(jì)60-70年代鍛煉心理學(xué)興起以來，體育鍛煉對(duì)降低自卑感的影響已成為一個(gè)重要的研究領(lǐng)域 為了考察體育鍛煉與大學(xué)生自卑感是否存在關(guān)系、什么樣的體育鍛煉模式才能更有效地降低大學(xué)生的自卑感、不同的鍛煉情景對(duì)降低大學(xué)生自卑感的影響是否不同、體育鍛煉對(duì)降低大學(xué)生自卑感影響的心理機(jī)制是什么等問題，本研究在較系統(tǒng)地分析了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于體育鍛煉與自卑感關(guān)系的理論研究與實(shí)踐應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了該領(lǐng)域研究的不足，初步構(gòu)建了體育鍛煉對(duì)降低大學(xué)生自卑感影響的心理機(jī)制理論假設(shè)模型，并采用問卷調(diào)查法、訪談法、心理測查法、實(shí)驗(yàn)法、等研究方法，對(duì)這些問題進(jìn)行了研究。 首先，主要對(duì)整個(gè)研究的目的意義和基本問題進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的闡述，并從總體上對(duì)本研究進(jìn)行了構(gòu)想和設(shè)計(jì)。 其次，回顧了國內(nèi)外關(guān)于自卑感的有關(guān)研究，分析了自卑感的相關(guān)概念、自卑感的表現(xiàn)、成因、類型及危害性，介紹了自卑感與心理健康、自我效能感和自尊有關(guān)理論觀點(diǎn)。 第三，采用分層加隨機(jī)抽樣的方法，在湖南和上海兩地選取了1132名大學(xué)生，運(yùn)用自卑感量表等測量工具，對(duì)體育鍛煉與我國大學(xué)生自卑感的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究，共回收有效問卷997份，主要考察了體育鍛煉與大學(xué)生自卑感及其影響因素的關(guān)系，建構(gòu)了它們之間的關(guān)系模型，同時(shí)還考察了大學(xué)生自卑感的性別年級(jí)差異。結(jié)果表明：(1)大學(xué)生自卑感存在顯著的性別和年級(jí)差異。女生的自卑感平均得分高于男生，一年級(jí)大學(xué)生的自卑感平均得分高于二、三年級(jí)。(2)體育鍛煉與自卑感之間不存在線性關(guān)系，但他們之間存在顯著的非線性關(guān)系，體育鍛煉對(duì)降低大學(xué)生自卑感的影響作用為先負(fù)后正，中等強(qiáng)度的體育鍛煉能降低大學(xué)生的自卑感，大強(qiáng)度的體育鍛煉反而會(huì)使他們的自卑感升高。(3)大學(xué)生的自尊、一般自我效能感與體育鍛煉之間的關(guān)系為負(fù)向關(guān)系，自尊、一般自我效能感高的大學(xué)生其自卑感低。(4)自尊、一般自我效能感變量在體育鍛煉和自卑感之間的關(guān)系中起到部分的中介作用，體育鍛煉除與自卑感有直接的非線性影響關(guān)系外，還通過自尊、一般自我效能感中介變量對(duì)自卑感產(chǎn)生作用。 第四，創(chuàng)設(shè)不同的體育鍛煉情景，即以競爭性鍛煉情景、娛樂性鍛煉情景為自變量，以大學(xué)生自卑感為因變量進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，考察了不同的體育鍛煉情景對(duì)降低171名大學(xué)生自卑感的影響，并通過體育鍛煉對(duì)自尊和一般自我效能感影響的探討進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了本研究所建構(gòu)的關(guān)系模型。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)中等強(qiáng)度的體育鍛煉能對(duì)大學(xué)生自卑感產(chǎn)生積極的影響，創(chuàng)設(shè)適宜的鍛煉情景可以更好地發(fā)揮體育鍛煉的效能。(2)關(guān)于本研究所創(chuàng)設(shè)的鍛煉情景對(duì)大學(xué)生自卑感的影響，競爭性情景鍛煉優(yōu)于娛樂性情景鍛煉。(3)不同的鍛煉持續(xù)時(shí)間對(duì)大學(xué)生自卑感的影響不同，總體來說，鍛煉時(shí)間越長，自卑感改善的效果越顯著。(4)所建構(gòu)的預(yù)測模型在本實(shí)驗(yàn)的控制條件下是合適的，預(yù)測變量對(duì)自卑感有較好的預(yù)測作用，自尊、一般自我效能感在體育鍛煉對(duì)自卑感的影響中起到了部分的非線性中介作用。 第五，應(yīng)用個(gè)案研究、問卷調(diào)查與訪談法，再對(duì)大學(xué)生自卑感問題的心理機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析，同時(shí)對(duì)4例具有此類問題的大學(xué)生采用了籃球項(xiàng)目中競爭性的鍛煉情景實(shí)施干預(yù)并進(jìn)行了追蹤研究�？傮w上看，競爭性鍛煉情景對(duì)大學(xué)生自卑感存在顯著的、積極的干預(yù)效果，能非常有效地消除或降低自卑感，提高心理健康水平。同時(shí)，通過對(duì)有關(guān)變量在實(shí)驗(yàn)所控制條件下的變化趨勢的考察，進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了本研究所構(gòu)建的體育鍛煉與自卑感關(guān)系的多元非線性回歸模型。 第六，對(duì)整個(gè)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，并針對(duì)研究中存在的一些主要問題進(jìn)行了分析，提出了進(jìn)一步完善有關(guān)大學(xué)生自卑感研究方面的設(shè)想，對(duì)體育鍛煉降低大學(xué)生自卑感的研究前景進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Many studies show that the overall mental health status of university students in China is not optimistic, sense of inferiority as one of the students' common psychological barrier, there is a growing trend. Because of the long-term inferiority complex is the result of a variety of psychological problems of college students, and one of the important reasons of their healthy growth. Therefore, in recent years. Study on University Students' Inferiority has attracted the attention of many scholars. Since the rise in twentieth Century 60-70's exercise psychology, physical exercise has become an important research field to reduce the impact of sense of inferiority
In order to investigate the physical exercise and college students' Inferiority exists, what kind of sports exercise mode can more effectively reduce their inferiority, to reduce the influence of different exercise situation of college students inferiority is different, physical exercise is what problems to reduce the psychological mechanism of college students inferiority effect, this study analyzes in a the system is based on the domestic and foreign physical exercise and inferiority between theoretical research and practical application, the lack of research in this field, constructs a physical exercise to reduce the assumptions of the model theory of psychological mechanism of College Students' inferiority effect, and adopts the method of questionnaire, interview, psychological test method, experimental method. The research methods, the study of these issues.
First of all, the purpose and basic problems of the whole research are expounded in detail, and the research is conceived and designed on the whole.
Secondly, it reviews the relevant researches on inferiority at home and abroad, analyzes the related concepts of inferiority, the manifestations, causes, types and harmfulness of inferiority, and introduces the theoretical viewpoints of inferiority complex and mental health, self-efficacy and self-esteem.
Third, using stratified and random sampling method, in Hunan and Shanghai chose 1132 college students, using the inferiority scale measurement tools, on the relationship between physical exercise and our sense of inferiority of college students were investigated, 997 valid questionnaires, mainly study the physical exercise and college students' sense of inferiority and the relationship between influence factors, construct the relationship model between them, and also examines the gender differences in grade college students inferiority. The results showed that: (1) the sense of inferiority of college students have significant gender and grade differences. Girls poor self-esteem average score higher than boys, the average score of the first grade students' inferiority is higher than two, three grade. (2) there is no linear relationship between physical exercise and inferiority, but there are significant nonlinear relationship between them, reduce the effect of physical exercise on college students inferiority is negative after the first Positive, moderate intensity exercise can reduce students' sense of inferiority, high-intensity physical training will make sense of inferiority of their ascension instead. (3) the relationship between College Students' self-esteem, general self-efficacy and physical exercise as a negative relationship, self-esteem, general self-efficacy of high students their sense of inferiority. (4) self-esteem, general self-efficacy plays an intermediary role in the relationship between physical exercise and inferiority in physical exercise in addition to the direct relationship between the nonlinear effect and inferiority, also through self-esteem, general self-efficacy variables have an effect on the sense of inferiority.
Fourth, the creation of different physical exercise situation, namely to competitive exercise scene, recreational exercise scene as independent variables, with college students inferiority as the dependent variable was studied. The effects of different exercise scenarios to reduce the impact of 171 college students a sense of inferiority, and through the study of physical exercise on self-esteem and general self-efficacy influence to further verify the relationship model constructed in this study. The results show that: (1) moderate intensity exercise can have a positive impact on University Students' inferiority, the creation of appropriate exercise scene can play a better exercise performance. (2) on the creation of the Institute of the exercise scene influence on University students' Inferiority the competitive scene exercise is better than the entertainment scene exercise. (3) different exercise duration on the college students' sense of inferiority is different, in general, the exercise time is longer, the inferiority To improve the sense of effect is more significant. (4) prediction model construction is suitable in the present experimental conditions, forecast forecast, the inferiority of self-esteem, general self-efficacy in physical exercise on the impact of inferiority plays a mediating role in the nonlinear part.
Fifth, the application of case study, questionnaire survey and interviews, and the psychological mechanism on University Students' inferiority are analyzed, also has such problems on the 4 cases of college students using the competitive basketball exercise scene in intervention and tracked study. Overall, the competitive exercise scene on University Students' Inferiority exists a significant, positive intervention effect, can effectively eliminate or reduce the inferiority, improve the level of mental health. At the same time, through the investigation of related variables in the control experiment under the condition of the trend, further validation of the multivariate nonlinear regression model constructed in this research the relationship between physical exercise and a sense of inferiority.
Sixth, the whole research results are summarized, and some major problems existing in the research are analyzed. Suggestions for further improvement of College Students' inferiority complex are put forward, and the prospect of sports exercise to reduce college students' inferiority is prospected.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：B844.2;G807.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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