【摘要】：本文以布朗芬布倫納的人類發(fā)展生物生態(tài)學(xué)模型為理論基礎(chǔ),采用縱向研究設(shè)計(jì),調(diào)查了南京和上海兩地流動(dòng)和城市兒童的親子依戀、情緒調(diào)節(jié)和友誼質(zhì)量,探討(1)兒童友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展軌跡/特點(diǎn)及群體差異;(2)親子依戀和情緒調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)流動(dòng)與城市兒童友誼質(zhì)量的影響及該影響在兩個(gè)兒童群體中的異同;(3)情緒調(diào)節(jié)在親子依戀和兒童友誼質(zhì)量關(guān)系間的中介作用,及該中介作用在流動(dòng)與城市兒童群體間的異同。本文包括研究一和研究二兩部分。研究一以上海(N=295)和南京(N=564)兩城市的初中生為研究對(duì)象,其中,流動(dòng)和城市兒童各383和431名。研究一對(duì)測(cè)量工具進(jìn)行信效度檢驗(yàn)及變量間關(guān)系的初步分析。研究二則采用研究一修訂之后的測(cè)量工具,以上海(N=193)和南京(N=591)兩城市的初一學(xué)生為追蹤研究對(duì)象,其中,流動(dòng)和城市兒童各347和423名。研究二考察兒童友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)及其存在的群體差異,親子依戀和情緒調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)流動(dòng)和城市兒童友誼質(zhì)量的預(yù)測(cè)及其異同,檢驗(yàn)情緒調(diào)節(jié)在親子依戀對(duì)兒童友誼質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)關(guān)系間的中介作用以及該作用在兩個(gè)群體中的差異。研究一結(jié)果表明,親子依戀和情緒調(diào)節(jié)問卷信效度良好,友誼質(zhì)量問卷經(jīng)修訂之后,信效度也符合測(cè)量學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。親子依戀和情緒調(diào)節(jié)與友誼質(zhì)量均存在相關(guān),但這種相關(guān)關(guān)系在流動(dòng)和城市兒童間存在異同。譬如,在流動(dòng)和城市兒童中,積極友誼質(zhì)量與安全型依戀均成正相關(guān);但積極友誼質(zhì)量與流動(dòng)兒童的回避型依戀相關(guān)不顯著,卻與城市兒童對(duì)母親的回避型依戀成顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。研究二結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),(1)在友誼質(zhì)量發(fā)展趨勢(shì)上,兒童的積極友誼質(zhì)量呈下降趨勢(shì),消極友誼質(zhì)量呈上升趨勢(shì),且該發(fā)展特點(diǎn)在流動(dòng)和城市兒童群體之間存在顯著差異。具體而言,在最后一次測(cè)試上,流動(dòng)兒童的積極友誼質(zhì)量發(fā)展水平高于城市兒童,消極友誼質(zhì)量發(fā)展水平低于城市兒童;在兒童友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展速率上,流動(dòng)兒童的積極友誼質(zhì)量下降速度比城市兒童慢。(2)親子依戀和情緒調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)友誼質(zhì)量發(fā)展的影響在流動(dòng)和城市兒童中既有相似也有差異。相似之處在于,安全型依戀均可促進(jìn)流動(dòng)和城市兒童積極友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展,認(rèn)知重評(píng)均能促進(jìn)流動(dòng)和城市兒童積極友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展。差異之處在于,在流動(dòng)兒童中,對(duì)父親的回避型和對(duì)母親的焦慮型依戀均會(huì)加劇其消極友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展,認(rèn)知重評(píng)還能抑制其消極友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展,表達(dá)抑制則加劇其消極友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展;而在城市兒童中,對(duì)母親的回避型依戀則會(huì)加劇其消極友誼質(zhì)量的發(fā)展。(3)情緒調(diào)節(jié)在親子依戀與兒童友誼質(zhì)量關(guān)系間存在中介作用,且該作用在流動(dòng)和城市兒童中既有相似也有差異。相似之處表現(xiàn)在:①在兩個(gè)群體中,認(rèn)知重評(píng)在對(duì)母親的回避型依戀和友誼質(zhì)量間發(fā)揮中介作用;②情緒調(diào)節(jié)在安全型依戀、焦慮型依戀和友誼質(zhì)量間均不存在中介作用。差異之處表現(xiàn)在:①在流動(dòng)兒童中,對(duì)父親的回避型依戀可通過弱化認(rèn)知重評(píng)進(jìn)而降低其積極友誼質(zhì)量,并增強(qiáng)其消極友誼質(zhì)量;在城市兒童中,情緒調(diào)節(jié)在對(duì)父親的回避型依戀和友誼質(zhì)量中不存在中介作用;②在流動(dòng)兒童中,對(duì)母親的回避型依戀能通過弱化認(rèn)知重評(píng)從而增強(qiáng)其消極友誼質(zhì)量;而在城市兒童中,對(duì)母親的回避型依戀能通過弱化認(rèn)知重評(píng)從而降低其積極友誼質(zhì)量。最后,本文對(duì)上述研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行了討論及總結(jié),并總結(jié)了本研究的貢獻(xiàn)、不足及對(duì)教育的啟示。
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the theory of human development bio-ecology of Brown FinBruner, this paper adopts the longitudinal research design to investigate the parent-child attachment, emotional adjustment and friendship quality of the mobile and urban children in Nanjing and Shanghai. (1) The development track/ characteristic and group difference of children's friendship quality; (2) the influence of parent-child attachment and emotion regulation on the quality of friendship between mobile and urban children and the similarities and differences between the two groups of children; (3) emotional regulation plays an important role in the relationship between parent-child attachment and child friendship quality, and the similarities and differences between flow and urban children. This paper includes the research and research of two parts. Among them, there were 383 and 431 children in Shanghai (N = 295) and Nanjing (N = 564). In this paper, a pair of measuring tools are studied to carry out the preliminary analysis of the reliability test and the inter-variable relationship. Two cities of Shanghai (N = 193) and Nanjing (N = 591) were used to study the subjects, including 347 and 423 children. The characteristics of children's friendship and their differences in population, parent-child attachment and mood adjustment are studied in this paper. To examine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between parent-child attachment and child's friendship quality, and the difference between the two groups. The results showed that the letter efficiency of parent-child attachment and emotion adjustment questionnaire was good, and after the revision of the questionnaire, the degree of validity of the questionnaire was also in accordance with the measurement standard. There is a correlation between parent-adolescent attachment and emotional adjustment and the quality of friendship, but there are similarities and differences between flow and urban children. For example, in mobile and urban children, the quality of positive friendship is positively related to the attachment of safe attachment; however, the quality of positive friendship is not related to the avoidance attachment of mobile children, but it is negatively correlated with the circumvention attachment of urban children to mother. The results show that (1) In the development trend of friendship quality, the positive friendship quality of children is declining, the quality of negative friendship is on the rise, and there is a significant difference between the flow and the urban children's groups. Specifically, in the last test, the positive friendship quality of mobile children is higher than that of urban children, and the level of negative friendship quality is lower than that of urban children; in the development rate of the quality of friendship among children, the positive friendship quality of mobile children is slower than that of urban children. (2) The influence of parent-child attachment and emotional regulation on the development of friendship quality has both similarities and differences in mobile and urban children. The similarity is that the security attachment can promote the development of the positive friendship quality of the mobile and urban children, and the cognitive re-evaluation can promote the development of the positive friendship quality of the mobile and urban children. The difference is that in the flowing children, the avoidance of the father and the anxiety type attachment to the mother will increase the development of the negative friendship quality, the cognitive re-evaluation can also inhibit the development of the negative friendship quality, and the expression inhibition will increase the development of the negative friendship quality; In urban children, the avoidance type attachment to mother will increase the development of its negative friendship quality. (3) Emotional adjustment has an intermediary role in the relationship between parent-child attachment and child's friendship quality, and it has similarities and differences between flowing and urban children. In both groups, cognitive reassessment plays an intermediary role in the avoidance-type attachment and the quality of friendship between the two groups, and there is no brokering role in the security attachment, anxiety-type attachment and friendship quality. The difference is manifested in that in the flowing children, the avoidance type attachment to the father can reduce the quality of its positive friendship by weakening the cognitive re-evaluation, and enhance the quality of its negative friendship; in the urban children, Emotional adjustment does not play an intermediary role in the avoidance-type attachment and friendship quality of the father; in the mobile children, the avoidance-type attachment to the mother can enhance its passive friendship quality by weakening the cognitive re-evaluation; and in urban children, The avoidance type attachment to mother can reduce the positive friendship quality by weakening the cognitive re-evaluation. Finally, the research results are discussed and summarized, and the contribution, deficiency and enlightenment to education are summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B844.1

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本文編號(hào)：2304774