【摘要】：孔子所云“興于詩(shī),立于禮,成于樂(lè)”,前人有過(guò)許多討論,理解各不相同,以程頤、朱熹之說(shuō)影響最大。然而,將此章理解為“大學(xué)終身所得之難易先后淺深”,也仍義有未洽。“詩(shī)”、“禮”、“樂(lè)”無(wú)論在學(xué)校教學(xué)還是在文化生活中,并沒(méi)有難易之分,先后之次,深淺之別,三者原本相互配合、相須為用。傳世文獻(xiàn)里的“詩(shī)”、“禮”、“樂(lè)”其實(shí)有兩個(gè)層面,一是“數(shù)術(shù)”層面,一是“義理”層面。作為“數(shù)術(shù)”層面的“詩(shī)”,不僅包括《詩(shī)》文本,也包括用于歌詠的聲樂(lè)、器樂(lè)和指導(dǎo)詩(shī)、樂(lè)的禮儀。而“義理”層面的“詩(shī)”,不能局限于詩(shī)義,而應(yīng)該是全部“新六藝”所體現(xiàn)的君子之“志”。這種“志”既包含了意志,也包含了情感,可以是“見(jiàn)賢思齊”的好善之德,也可以是“見(jiàn)不善而知自省”的惡惡之心。這是學(xué)者“立身成德”的第一步,是基礎(chǔ),也是起始,《詩(shī)》則是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一起始目標(biāo)的代表性媒介。因此,“興于詩(shī)”是孔子對(duì)弟子進(jìn)行人格培養(yǎng)的起始路徑,它既是孔子的教育思想,也是孔子的文學(xué)觀念,同時(shí)又是儒家君子人格養(yǎng)成的邏輯起點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:As Confucius said, "in poetry, in rites, in joy", there have been many discussions and different understandings, with Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi having the greatest influence. However, the meaning of this chapter is still unclear. "Poetry", "ritual", "music" in school teaching or in cultural life, there is no easy division, the order, the depth of the difference, the three originally cooperate with each other, the use of each other. In fact, there are two levels of poetry, ritual and music in the literature, one is the level of numeracy, the other is the level of righteousness. As a level of numeracy, poetry includes not only the text of poetry, but also vocal music, instrumental music and the etiquette of guiding poems and music. "Poetry" at the level of "justice and reason" should not be confined to poetic meaning, but should be the "will" of the gentleman embodied in all the "new six arts". This kind of will includes the will as well as the emotion. It can be the good virtue of the wise and the evil heart of knowing the bad and introspecting. This is the first step, foundation and beginning of scholars'"forming virtue", and poem is the representative medium to achieve this initial goal. Therefore, "exhilarating in poetry" is the starting path for Confucius to cultivate his disciples' personality. It is not only Confucius' educational thought, but also Confucius' literary concept, and the logical starting point for the cultivation of Confucian gentleman's personality at the same time.
【作者單位】： 華中師范大學(xué)文學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：I206.2

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1 北京文化學(xué)者 葉匡政;興于詩(shī) 立于禮 成于樂(lè)[N];深圳特區(qū)報(bào);2014年

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