清退與發(fā)展：山西省代課教師問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-21 14:48
【摘要】：進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)后,我國政府和教育行政部門在政策層面開始大面積清退代課教師。代課教師——這一在中國教育發(fā)展歷程中曾經(jīng)起過重要作用、作出巨大犧牲和貢獻(xiàn)的群體,在我國的教育制度層面不再具有合法地位和存在的法理依據(jù)。然而,大量來自基礎(chǔ)教育一線的研究結(jié)果和調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)表明:代課教師在城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)并沒有真正地消失,只不過以更加隱蔽的不合法身份事實地存在著。由于我國中小學(xué)教師編制制度存在的固有“硬傷”和國家二胎政策的放開等原因,城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)校的代課教師并沒有像政策預(yù)期的那樣快速消失。代課教師群體在我國義務(wù)教育的發(fā)展過程中是否應(yīng)該是一種常態(tài)化的存在?代課教師“清”而不“退”的深層原因和制度機理到底是什么?代課教師與正式在編教師同工不同酬的現(xiàn)象是否有違《勞動法》、是否侵犯了教師的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)?代課教師群體最終應(yīng)該走向何方?等等。這一系列問題均困擾著我國義務(wù)教育的良性發(fā)展。筆者生長在一個代課教師家庭,從小耳濡目染了一個普通代課教師生活與工作的點點滴滴,對代課教師具有天然的情愫。借力山西師范大學(xué)“山西省義務(wù)教育優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源均衡‘頑疾’問題研究”課題組在山西省四個地市、十一個縣(區(qū))調(diào)研的大量事實和數(shù)據(jù);同時,在中國知網(wǎng)以“代課教師”、“代課教師政策”、“中小學(xué)�！钡葹殛P(guān)鍵詞,搜集了核心期刊和CSSCI期刊論文40余篇、優(yōu)秀博碩論文10余篇,并查閱了2000年以來《山西省教育統(tǒng)計年鑒》和《中國民辦教師現(xiàn)象透視》等相關(guān)著作,占有了大量代課教師相關(guān)問題的事實和數(shù)據(jù);另外,在課題調(diào)研的過程中,筆者還訪談了不同年齡、不同區(qū)域、不同學(xué)歷共計67位代課教師,對代課教師有了更深的感性認(rèn)識。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,本研究對代課教師的清退政策、代課教師的“清”而不“退”、代課教師的素質(zhì)狀況、工資待遇、職業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和城市代課教師數(shù)量等六方面問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地梳理與分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),代課教師清退政策缺乏強有力的政策手段,對代課教師的剛性需求促使基層學(xué)校求助于代課教師,代課教師缺乏規(guī)范化的管理和引導(dǎo),代課教師群體的生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)受到侵害,代課教師問題還未受到政府及教育行政部門的足夠重視,城市代課教師反彈現(xiàn)象突顯教師編制制度的“硬傷”。為了破解目前代課教師存在的難題,研究認(rèn)為,應(yīng)從以下四個方面進(jìn)行突破:代課教師清退政策應(yīng)符合地方教育發(fā)展形勢,改革現(xiàn)行的教師編制制度,地方政府和教育行政部門應(yīng)對代課教師進(jìn)行規(guī)范管理,保障優(yōu)秀代課教師的生存權(quán)與發(fā)展權(quán)。
[Abstract]:After entering the new century, our government and educational administrative departments begin to clear out substitute teachers in a large area at the policy level. Substitute teachers, who have played an important role in the development of Chinese education, have made great sacrifices and contributions, and no longer have legal status and legal basis of existence in the educational system of our country. However, a large number of research results and data from the basic education line show that substitute teachers have not really disappeared in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas, but only exist in a more hidden and illegal status. Due to the inherent "bruises" in the system of primary and secondary school teachers in our country and the opening up of the national policy of second child, the substitute teachers in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas have not disappeared as fast as the policy expected. Should the group of substitute teachers in the development of compulsory education in China be a regular existence? What are the deep reasons and institutional mechanism of the substitute teachers'"Qing" and not "retreat"? Is the pay difference between substitute teachers and regular teachers in violation of the Labor Law and the teachers' right to survival and development? Where should the group of substitute teachers end up? Wait This series of problems are puzzling the healthy development of compulsory education in our country. Growing up in a substitute teacher's family, the author has a little bit of life and work of an ordinary substitute teacher from childhood, which has a natural emotion to substitute teacher. The research group of Shanxi normal University on the problem of "persistent Disease" in the balance of quality Education Resources of compulsory Education in Shanxi Province has investigated a large number of facts and data in four cities and eleven counties (districts) of Shanxi Province; at the same time, Taking "substitute teacher", "substitute teacher Policy", "Primary and Middle School" as the key words, we collected more than 40 papers in core journals and CSSCI journals, and more than 10 excellent articles. And has consulted the relevant works such as Shanxi Province Statistical Yearbook of Education and the phenomenon Perspective of Private Teachers in China since 2000, and has occupied a large number of facts and data on the related problems of substitute teachers. In addition, in the course of the research on the subject, The author also interviewed 67 substitute teachers with different ages, different regions and different academic qualifications, and gained a deeper understanding of substitute teachers. On the basis of this, this study is concerned with the policy of clearing and retreating substitute teachers, the quality of substitute teachers, and the wages and benefits of substitute teachers. The present situation of professional development and the number of substitute teachers are analyzed in detail. It is found that the policy of clearing and withdrawing substitute teachers lacks strong policy means, and the rigid demand for substitute teachers urges grass-roots schools to turn to substitute teachers, and substitute teachers lack standardized management and guidance. The rights to survival and development of substitute teachers have been infringed upon, the problem of substitute teachers has not been paid enough attention by the government and the educational administration department, and the phenomenon of urban substitute teachers' rebound highlights the "hard injury" of the teacher establishment system. In order to solve the problems of substitute teachers at present, the research suggests that the following four aspects should be broken through: the policy of eliminating and withdrawing substitute teachers should be in line with the situation of local education development, and the current system of teacher establishment should be reformed. Local governments and educational administrative departments should regulate the management of substitute teachers to ensure the survival and development rights of excellent substitute teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G525.1
本文編號：2196078
[Abstract]:After entering the new century, our government and educational administrative departments begin to clear out substitute teachers in a large area at the policy level. Substitute teachers, who have played an important role in the development of Chinese education, have made great sacrifices and contributions, and no longer have legal status and legal basis of existence in the educational system of our country. However, a large number of research results and data from the basic education line show that substitute teachers have not really disappeared in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas, but only exist in a more hidden and illegal status. Due to the inherent "bruises" in the system of primary and secondary school teachers in our country and the opening up of the national policy of second child, the substitute teachers in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas have not disappeared as fast as the policy expected. Should the group of substitute teachers in the development of compulsory education in China be a regular existence? What are the deep reasons and institutional mechanism of the substitute teachers'"Qing" and not "retreat"? Is the pay difference between substitute teachers and regular teachers in violation of the Labor Law and the teachers' right to survival and development? Where should the group of substitute teachers end up? Wait This series of problems are puzzling the healthy development of compulsory education in our country. Growing up in a substitute teacher's family, the author has a little bit of life and work of an ordinary substitute teacher from childhood, which has a natural emotion to substitute teacher. The research group of Shanxi normal University on the problem of "persistent Disease" in the balance of quality Education Resources of compulsory Education in Shanxi Province has investigated a large number of facts and data in four cities and eleven counties (districts) of Shanxi Province; at the same time, Taking "substitute teacher", "substitute teacher Policy", "Primary and Middle School" as the key words, we collected more than 40 papers in core journals and CSSCI journals, and more than 10 excellent articles. And has consulted the relevant works such as Shanxi Province Statistical Yearbook of Education and the phenomenon Perspective of Private Teachers in China since 2000, and has occupied a large number of facts and data on the related problems of substitute teachers. In addition, in the course of the research on the subject, The author also interviewed 67 substitute teachers with different ages, different regions and different academic qualifications, and gained a deeper understanding of substitute teachers. On the basis of this, this study is concerned with the policy of clearing and retreating substitute teachers, the quality of substitute teachers, and the wages and benefits of substitute teachers. The present situation of professional development and the number of substitute teachers are analyzed in detail. It is found that the policy of clearing and withdrawing substitute teachers lacks strong policy means, and the rigid demand for substitute teachers urges grass-roots schools to turn to substitute teachers, and substitute teachers lack standardized management and guidance. The rights to survival and development of substitute teachers have been infringed upon, the problem of substitute teachers has not been paid enough attention by the government and the educational administration department, and the phenomenon of urban substitute teachers' rebound highlights the "hard injury" of the teacher establishment system. In order to solve the problems of substitute teachers at present, the research suggests that the following four aspects should be broken through: the policy of eliminating and withdrawing substitute teachers should be in line with the situation of local education development, and the current system of teacher establishment should be reformed. Local governments and educational administrative departments should regulate the management of substitute teachers to ensure the survival and development rights of excellent substitute teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G525.1
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