【摘要】：農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)管理體制即打破鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)各學(xué)校間的行政區(qū)劃,重新整合學(xué)校劃分學(xué)區(qū),以最大限度的實現(xiàn)教育資源共享、優(yōu)秀人才交流,使各學(xué)校優(yōu)質(zhì)均衡發(fā)展。河北省農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)管理體制是在義務(wù)教育非均衡發(fā)展、農(nóng)村生源減少、“分級辦學(xué)、以縣為主”管理面臨困境的背景下提出的。在統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)教育一體化、追求教育公平的當(dāng)代社會,優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源的均衡化問題凸顯。隨著我國人口出生率的降低,我國義務(wù)教育適齡兒童的人數(shù)也在減少,農(nóng)村地區(qū)出現(xiàn)資源配備過程與學(xué)生人數(shù)不足的問題,在這種情況下“以縣為主”的管理方式也面臨難以監(jiān)管到位的困境,農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)管理體制應(yīng)運而生。農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)管理體制是農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的有益探索,在實現(xiàn)資源共享、提高農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育質(zhì)量方面有重要意義。在采用實地調(diào)查法對河北省保定市白團學(xué)區(qū)進行了調(diào)研后,得出了很多重要的結(jié)論。作為一種新興事物,學(xué)區(qū)管理體制在諸多方面還有所不足:教職工對學(xué)區(qū)缺乏認(rèn)識導(dǎo)致相關(guān)工作難以展開、學(xué)區(qū)與各學(xué)校的權(quán)責(zé)利關(guān)系還未理順、教學(xué)教研工作經(jīng)費欠缺、教研活動形式化、人事與資源管理政策不到位、監(jiān)督和評價機制有待完善等。呈現(xiàn)問題的原因是多方面的如:觀念意識的轉(zhuǎn)變需要時間、教育行政管理體制的僵化、我國農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育財政體系方面的不足、農(nóng)村中小學(xué)教育科研工作基礎(chǔ)薄弱、缺乏相關(guān)規(guī)章制度、利益主體的矛盾阻礙教師正常流動以及“管辦評”一體的模式使評價監(jiān)督形同虛設(shè)等等。問題的解決需要從不同方面著手,第一,明確政府與學(xué)區(qū)、學(xué)校間的權(quán)責(zé)關(guān)系;第二,加大財政投入,同時做好資金的分配監(jiān)管工作;第三,增強學(xué)區(qū)的管理效能,加強教師的歸屬感;第四,健全學(xué)區(qū)教研組織,重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)的作用;第五,完善人事管理制度,促進優(yōu)秀教師流動,等等。農(nóng)村學(xué)區(qū)管理體制具有強大的生命力,在多地取得了成功的經(jīng)驗,完善學(xué)區(qū)制對促進義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展的意義重大。
[Abstract]:The management system of rural school district is to break the administrative division among the schools in the villages and towns, to reintegrate the schools into the school districts, to realize the sharing of educational resources to the maximum extent, to exchange outstanding talents, and to make the high quality and balanced development of the schools. The management system of rural school district in Hebei Province is put forward under the background of the unbalanced development of compulsory education, the decrease of rural student resources, the management of "running a school at different levels and giving priority to county" management. In the contemporary society where the integration of urban and rural education and the pursuit of educational fairness are pursued, the equalization of quality educational resources is highlighted. With the decline of the birth rate in China, the number of children of compulsory school age is also decreasing in our country. In rural areas, the process of resource allocation and the number of students are insufficient. In this case, the "county-based" management is also faced with difficulties in supervision, rural school district management system came into being. The management system of rural school district is a beneficial exploration for the development of rural compulsory education, which is of great significance in realizing the sharing of resources and improving the quality of rural compulsory education. A lot of important conclusions have been drawn from the investigation of Baotuan School District of Baoding City, Hebei Province by field investigation. As a new thing, the school district management system has some shortcomings in many aspects: the lack of understanding of the school district leads to the difficulty of developing the related work, the relationship between the power, responsibility and interests of the school district and the schools is not straightened out, and the teaching and research work is short of funds. Formal teaching and research activities, personnel and resource management policies are not in place, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms need to be improved. The causes of the problems are as follows: the change of concept and consciousness takes time, the system of education administration is rigid, the financial system of rural compulsory education is insufficient, and the foundation of education and scientific research in rural primary and secondary schools is weak. In the absence of relevant rules and regulations, the contradiction of the main body of interest hinders the normal flow of teachers, and the mode of "management and evaluation" makes the evaluation and supervision virtual and so on. To solve the problem, we need to start from different aspects. First, we should make clear the relationship between power and responsibility between the government, school districts and schools; second, increase financial investment, and at the same time do a good job in the allocation and supervision of funds; third, enhance the efficiency of school district management. Strengthen teachers' sense of belonging; fourth, perfect the school district teaching and research organizations, attach importance to the role of the network; fifthly, improve the personnel management system, promote the flow of outstanding teachers, and so on. The management system of rural school district has strong vitality and has gained successful experience in many places. It is of great significance to improve the school district system to promote the balanced development of compulsory education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G527

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