本文選題：觀點(diǎn)采擇 + 艾滋群體偏見��； 參考：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1981年被發(fā)現(xiàn)伊始,艾滋病就成為遭受偏見最為嚴(yán)重的疾病。在各個(gè)國家,社會(huì)對(duì)艾滋群體的偏見都被公認(rèn)為是艾滋病防治工作的主要障礙。作為即將步入社會(huì)的性活躍人群和未來社會(huì)建設(shè)的中堅(jiān)力量,大學(xué)生對(duì)艾滋人群的態(tài)度直接影響到之后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)艾滋病防治工作的開展。艾滋群體偏見作為一種態(tài)度,具有外顯和內(nèi)隱兩種形式,其中,外顯偏見是個(gè)體能夠覺察到的,而內(nèi)隱偏見是無意識(shí)的、自動(dòng)激活的。傳統(tǒng)偏見干預(yù)策略,如教育、意識(shí)性抑制等手段,經(jīng)證明,都沒能取得良好的干預(yù)效果。近年來,觀點(diǎn)采擇作為一種新型的干預(yù)手段,被大量運(yùn)用到偏見干預(yù)的研究中來,并取得了良好的效果。如果把觀點(diǎn)采擇用于對(duì)艾滋群體偏見的干預(yù),是否也會(huì)達(dá)到理想效果呢?若觀點(diǎn)采擇能有效降低大學(xué)生對(duì)艾滋群體的偏見水平,其背后又是何種心理機(jī)制起作用呢?帶著這些疑問,進(jìn)行了如下研究。本研究的主要目的是考察觀點(diǎn)采擇對(duì)艾滋偏見的影響效果及其作用機(jī)制。目前,關(guān)于觀點(diǎn)采擇影響偏見的作用機(jī)制的理論主要有兩種:共情—利他假設(shè)和自我—他人融合假設(shè)。研究一主要探討了觀點(diǎn)采擇對(duì)大學(xué)生的外顯艾滋偏見的干預(yù)效果。結(jié)果顯示,觀點(diǎn)采擇可以有效降低被試對(duì)艾滋群體的外顯偏見。對(duì)前測(cè)中被試在各維度的得分進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)被試在社會(huì)距離維度對(duì)艾滋群體的偏見最高,強(qiáng)制性處理意見維度的偏見次之,道德判斷與責(zé)備維度的偏見水平最低。實(shí)驗(yàn)干預(yù)后,將觀點(diǎn)采擇組的各維度得分進(jìn)行前后測(cè)比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)各維度的得分都顯著降低。研究二主要探討了觀點(diǎn)采擇對(duì)大學(xué)生的內(nèi)隱艾滋偏見的干預(yù)效果。結(jié)果顯示,觀點(diǎn)采擇不能有效降低內(nèi)隱艾滋偏見。但通過對(duì)前測(cè)的D值,以及不相容任務(wù)和相容任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時(shí)之差的分析證明,在內(nèi)隱層面,大學(xué)生對(duì)艾滋群體確實(shí)存在顯著的偏見。研究一驗(yàn)證了觀點(diǎn)采擇對(duì)大學(xué)生的外顯艾滋偏見的干預(yù)效果,研究三主要探討的是其背后的作用機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明,共情反應(yīng)在觀點(diǎn)采擇降低外顯艾滋偏見的過程中起了中介作用,驗(yàn)證了共情—利他假設(shè),而外顯自尊卻沒有起到調(diào)節(jié)作用,沒能驗(yàn)證自我—他人融合假設(shè)。綜上,主要研究結(jié)論如下:觀點(diǎn)采擇能夠有效降低大學(xué)生被試對(duì)艾滋群體的外顯偏見。在這一過程中,共情反應(yīng)起到了中介作用,但外顯自尊沒起到調(diào)節(jié)作用;大學(xué)生被試對(duì)艾滋群體有顯著的內(nèi)隱偏見;觀點(diǎn)采擇不能有效降低大學(xué)生被試對(duì)艾滋群體的內(nèi)隱偏見。
[Abstract]:AIDS has been the most prejudiced disease since its discovery in 1981. In each country, the social prejudice against the AIDS community is recognized as the main obstacle to AIDS prevention and treatment. The attitude of college students towards AIDS directly affects the development of AIDS prevention and treatment in a long period of time as the sexually active people who are about to enter the society and the backbone of social construction in the future. As an attitude, HIV / AIDS group bias has two forms: explicit and implicit, in which explicit bias is perceived by individuals, while implicit bias is unconscious and automatically activated. Traditional bias intervention strategies, such as education, conscious inhibition, have not been able to achieve good results. In recent years, as a new intervention method, viewpoint selection has been widely used in the research of bias intervention, and has achieved good results. Would it be desirable to use opinion selection to interfere with HIV / AIDS community bias? If the point of view can effectively reduce the level of prejudice against AIDS groups of college students, what psychological mechanism is behind it? With these questions in mind, the following studies have been carried out. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of viewpoint selection on AIDS bias and its mechanism. At present, there are two kinds of theories about the mechanism of influence of prejudice: empathy-altruism hypothesis and self-others fusion hypothesis. The first study mainly discusses the intervention effect of viewpoint selection on the explicit AIDS bias of college students. The results show that viewpoint selection can effectively reduce the subjects' explicit bias towards AIDS population. By analyzing the scores of each dimension in the pre-test, we found that the social distance dimension had the highest prejudice against AIDS group, the second was the mandatory processing opinion dimension, and the bias level of moral judgment and blame dimension was the lowest. After the experimental intervention, the scores of each dimension in the viewpoint selection group were compared before and after the test, and it was found that the scores of each dimension were significantly decreased. The second study mainly discusses the intervention effect of viewpoint selection on implicit AIDS bias of college students. The results show that opinion selection is not effective in reducing implicit AIDS bias. But through the analysis of the D value of pre-test and the difference of reaction time between incompatible task and compatible task, it is proved that college students do have significant prejudice to AIDS group on the implicit level. The first study verifies the intervention effect of viewpoint selection on college students' explicit AIDS bias. The results showed that empathy played an intermediary role in the process of taking opinions to reduce the explicit AIDS bias, and verified the empathy altruistic hypothesis, but the explicit self-esteem did not play a regulating role, and failed to verify the ego-others fusion hypothesis. In summary, the main conclusions are as follows: viewpoint selection can effectively reduce the explicit prejudice of college students to HIV. In this process, empathy played an intermediary role, but explicit self-esteem did not play a regulatory role; college students had significant implicit prejudice against AIDS groups; point of view selection could not effectively reduce the implicit prejudice of college students to AIDS groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B844.2

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本文編號(hào)：1847877