本文選題：程今吾 + 實踐教育法��； 參考：《安徽師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：程今吾(1908—1970),安徽嘉山人,中國近現(xiàn)代教育家。原名程蘊璋,曾用名程潔聲、程今吾、沈文星、程萬里、程寧遠、寧越,1949年后一直用名程今吾。1929年考入南京曉莊師范學(xué)校,1933年到廣東參加百侯中學(xué)復(fù)辦工作,1939年回廣西任“生活教育社”地下黨支部書記,1948年任中宣部研究員,教育組組長,1965年任北京師范大學(xué)黨委書記兼副校長。關(guān)于教育本質(zhì)、教育方法、論課程、論教師、兒童教育、青年修養(yǎng)等幾方面程今吾都有所研究并提出了自己獨特的見解。他認為教育本質(zhì)上是為了達到一定的經(jīng)濟目的社會目的而進行文化傳遞與創(chuàng)造的手段。他提出了實踐教育法,主張教師在教育實踐中起主導(dǎo)作用,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)實踐中發(fā)揮主體作用,教與學(xué)的雙方都建立在實踐基礎(chǔ)上。他認為新的課程是理論與實踐相統(tǒng)一的實踐課程。他認為教師必須具備一定的條件才能擔負起教師的責任,教師要時刻加強自身修養(yǎng),要明確教育在社會中的地位和自身在教育中的地位,要熱愛教育對象并忠誠地服務(wù)于教育事業(yè),要具有廣博的知識,注重專業(yè)素養(yǎng)的提升。程今吾指出以往師資培養(yǎng)存在一些不足,師范學(xué)校數(shù)量少、學(xué)生報考動機不純、學(xué)校教學(xué)與實踐相脫節(jié)等。因此,他主張建立新型師范學(xué)校,以師范學(xué)校為中心,同時舉辦眾多民眾夜校、婦女識字班等。此外,他指出一名合格教師要保持學(xué)習(xí),不斷進修,并就教師進修中出現(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí)與工作配合、進修時間、書報供應(yīng)、學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)氣等問題提出了自己的見解。程今吾關(guān)注兒童的發(fā)展和教育,認為兒童教育的內(nèi)容主要包括生產(chǎn)勞動教育、思想教育和紀律教育三方面。在兒童教育的原則上,他認為只有真正的了解孩子才能更好的教育孩子,同時反對懲罰和侮辱孩子,提倡給孩子以獎勵。在兒童教育方法上,他提倡去除舊的教育方法,求實創(chuàng)新,帶領(lǐng)孩子們走出校門,走向社會,同時強調(diào)家庭教育的重要性,要將家庭教育和學(xué)校教育兩者結(jié)合起來。程今吾認為青年要注重修養(yǎng),首先要有明確的立場、并以合理地方式對待敵人和同志,在此基礎(chǔ)上加強自我的不斷完善。程今吾的教育思想具有豐富的實踐性、時代性和愛國性,對當時的教育事業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要影響。雖然其教育思想具有一定的局限性,但他注重理論與實踐的結(jié)合、強調(diào)自主學(xué)習(xí)與互助學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度以及堅持讀書學(xué)習(xí)的工作理念對當下仍有一定的啟示。
[Abstract]:Cheng Jinwu, a native of Jiashan, Anhui Province, 1908-1970, is a modern educator in China.Cheng Yunzhang, formerly known as Cheng Jiesheng, Cheng Jinwu, Shen Wenxing, Cheng Wanli, Cheng Ningyuan,Ning Yue, after 1949, was admitted to Nanjing Xiaozhuang normal School in 1929, went to Guangdong in 1933 to take part in the resumption of work in Baihou Middle School, returned to Guangxi in 1939 to serve as secretary of the underground party branch of the "Life Education Society", and in 1948 as a researcher in the propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.Head of Education Section, Secretary of Party Committee and Vice President of Beijing normal University in 1965.Cheng has studied the essence of education, educational methods, curriculum, teachers, children's education, youth cultivation and so on, and has put forward his own unique views.He believes that education is essentially a means of cultural transmission and creation for certain economic purposes and social purposes.He put forward the practical education law, which advocates that teachers play a leading role in educational practice, students play a main role in learning practice, and both teaching and learning are based on practice.He believes that the new curriculum is a practical course that combines theory with practice.In his opinion, teachers must have certain conditions to shoulder their responsibilities. Teachers should always strengthen their self-cultivation and make clear the status of education in society and their own position in education.We should love the object of education and serve the cause faithfully. We should have extensive knowledge and pay attention to the promotion of professional accomplishment.Cheng pointed out that there were some shortcomings in teacher training in the past, such as the small number of normal schools, the impure motivation of students applying for examinations, the disconnection between school teaching and practice, and so on.Therefore, he advocated the establishment of new normal schools, with normal schools as the center, at the same time organized a large number of night classes, women literacy classes.In addition, he pointed out that a qualified teacher should keep learning and continue to study, and put forward his own views on the problems of learning and working coordination, study time, supply of books and newspapers, study atmosphere and so on.Cheng pays close attention to the development and education of children, and thinks that the contents of children's education mainly include three aspects: productive labor education, ideological education and discipline education.In the principle of children's education, he believes that children can be better educated only if they really understand them, while opposing punishment and insulting children, advocating rewards for children.On the method of children's education, he advocated the elimination of old educational methods, practical innovation, leading children out of school to the society, emphasizing the importance of family education, and combining family education with school education.Cheng believes that young people should pay attention to self-cultivation, first of all, must have a clear stand, and treat the enemy and comrades in a reasonable manner, and on this basis to strengthen the continuous improvement of their own.Cheng's educational thought was rich in practicality, epoch and patriotism, which had an important influence on the development of education at that time.Although his educational thought has some limitations, he pays attention to the combination of theory and practice, emphasizes the attitude of independent learning and mutual help learning, and insists on the working idea of reading and learning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G40-092

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