本文選題：公共服務　切入點：農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育　出處：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務是我國城鄉(xiāng)居民可以公平享受的政府提供的公共產(chǎn)品。從傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟方面分析由于部分公共資源存在不平等,尤其是基本公共服務方面,國內(nèi)城鄉(xiāng)"二元"結(jié)構(gòu)差距越來越明顯。而基礎(chǔ)教育作為城鄉(xiāng)基本公共服務的重要一部分,不均等的程度更為明顯,這不僅有悖于公平,并且還會影響到我國構(gòu)建和諧社會和經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)的發(fā)展。目前而言,實現(xiàn)不同區(qū)域教育公平,進一步促進區(qū)域發(fā)展平衡。一方面需要在資源分配上促進教育資源的公平化和均等化,另一方面需要保證教育機會的平等。本文將以黑龍江省農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育均等化為研究對象,從對公共服務和基礎(chǔ)教育的相關(guān)概念進行界定入手,總結(jié)公共服務均等化和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育的理論基礎(chǔ),從而明確基礎(chǔ)教育的公共產(chǎn)品屬性;通過對比研究方法、定性分析法和定量分析法,分析了我國農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育政策的演進過程和農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育現(xiàn)有情況,政府對有關(guān)基層教育資金投入,教育人力資源薪酬及相關(guān)辦學環(huán)境和政策等進行了闡述。從人力資源、辦學環(huán)境及資金投入等方面對城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域教育資源進行對比,尋找二者之間差距,發(fā)現(xiàn)在基層教育機構(gòu)普遍存在教育資金不足、硬件陳舊、教師資源薄弱等突出問題;進而尋找解決我國城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域教育資源分配上不均等問題的方法,從當前國家的實情出發(fā),完善相關(guān)教育分配的法律法規(guī),為提高辦學效率增添特別扶持制度,建立科學的教師管理制度的啟示。針對基礎(chǔ)教育城鄉(xiāng)間差異及問題,提出了促進農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育發(fā)展的對策,包括提升基礎(chǔ)教育投入主體層級,完善基礎(chǔ)教育財政投入模式;確立城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展的政策理念,提高對農(nóng)村的扶貧投資比值,改善農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育配套設施;增制定教師優(yōu)厚政策,強化教師學習與進修制度;完善教育行政機關(guān)問責機制保障基礎(chǔ)教育均等化等。只有城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)教育供給的均等得以保障,讓城鄉(xiāng)孩子都能夠平等享有基礎(chǔ)教育的權(quán)利和機會,才可以最大程度的保證教育公平,保證生存和發(fā)展的平等。
[Abstract]:The basic public service in urban and rural areas is the public goods provided by the government that the urban and rural residents can enjoy equitably in our country. From the traditional economic aspect, because of the inequality of some public resources, especially the basic public service, The gap between urban and rural "dual" structure is becoming more and more obvious. As an important part of basic public services in urban and rural areas, the degree of inequality is even more obvious. This is not only contrary to fairness, It will also affect the construction of a harmonious society and sustainable economic development in our country. On the one hand, we need to promote the equity and equalization of educational resources, on the other hand, we need to ensure the equality of educational opportunities. This paper will take the equalization of rural basic education in Heilongjiang Province as the research object. Starting with the definition of the related concepts of public service and basic education, this paper summarizes the theoretical basis of equalization of public service and basic education in rural areas, so as to clarify the attributes of public goods of basic education. The qualitative analysis method and the quantitative analysis method, the analysis our country countryside elementary education policy evolution process and the countryside elementary education present situation, the government to the related basic level education fund investment, This paper expounds the compensation of educational human resources and the related educational environment and policies. It compares the educational resources of urban and rural areas from the aspects of human resources, school environment and capital investment, so as to find the gap between the two. It is found that there are some outstanding problems in grass-roots educational institutions, such as the shortage of educational funds, the outmoded hardware, the weak teacher resources, and so on, and the way to solve the problem of unequal distribution of educational resources in urban and rural areas of our country, starting from the current situation of the country. To perfect the relevant laws and regulations of educational distribution, to add special support system to improve the efficiency of running a school, and to establish a scientific teacher management system. In view of the differences and problems between the urban and rural areas of basic education, this paper puts forward some countermeasures to promote the development of rural basic education. It includes raising the main level of basic education input, perfecting the mode of basic education financial input, establishing the policy idea of urban and rural economic development as a whole, increasing the ratio of poverty alleviation investment to rural areas, and improving the supporting facilities of rural basic education. Increase the formulation of preferential policies for teachers, strengthen the system of teachers' study and further education, improve the accountability mechanism of educational administrative organs to ensure the equalization of basic education, etc. Only the equal supply of basic education in urban and rural areas can be guaranteed. Only by enabling urban and rural children to enjoy equal rights and opportunities of basic education can we ensure the greatest degree of equity in education and equality in survival and development.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G521

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