本文關(guān)鍵詞： 父母支持 親子沖突 同伴地位 朋友關(guān)系 心理韌性 自尊　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：青少年階段是在個體自我發(fā)展過程中的重要階段。家庭和同伴都是影響青少年發(fā)展的兩個重要環(huán)境系統(tǒng),一直以來都是研究的重點。親子關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系,分別是兩個微系統(tǒng)中對青少年影響中最重要的核心成分,對青少年的發(fā)展更是具有深遠意義。除了親子關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系這兩個環(huán)境因素之外,心理韌性作為個體因素,對青少年的發(fā)展同樣具有深遠影響。以往研究者對于影響自尊的因素,主要關(guān)注于環(huán)境或個體因素中的某一方面,而忽視因素之間的作用過程。因此,本研究除探討環(huán)境因素(親子關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系)和個體因素的直接預(yù)測作用外,還通過建立一個有中介的調(diào)節(jié)模型來探討環(huán)境因素和個體因素對自尊的共同影響。因此,本研究采用隨機整群抽樣的方法,對來自山東日照地區(qū)的兩所普通中學的762名中學生(其中,男生416人,女生346人;初一169人,初二170人,初三211人,高一50人,高二58人,高三104人;被試的平均年齡為14.31±1.67歲)進行問卷調(diào)查。分別使用關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)問卷、同伴提名問卷、青少年心理韌性量表和自尊量表來分別考察青少年的親子關(guān)系(父母支持和親子沖突)、朋友關(guān)系(朋友支持和朋友沖突)、同伴地位(同伴接納和同伴拒絕)、心理韌性和自尊水平,同時考察親子關(guān)系、同伴關(guān)系和心理韌性對青少年自尊的影響機制。本研究的結(jié)果表明:(1)親子關(guān)系的年級差異顯著。具體表現(xiàn)在,初二學生感知到的父母支持的得分顯著低于初一、初三、高一、高二和高三的得分;初一年級報告的親子沖突的得分顯著低于初三;而同伴關(guān)系的友誼中朋友支持的性別差異顯著,女生的朋友支持得分顯著高于男生的得分;(2)青少年的心理韌性和自尊均存在顯著地年級差異。具體表現(xiàn)在,初二的心理韌性水平顯著低于高一;初二報告的自尊均顯著低于初一、初三、高一、高二和高三;(3)親子關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系的支持維度(父母支持、朋友支持、同伴接納)與心理韌性、自尊均顯著正相關(guān),親子關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系的沖突維度(親子沖突、朋友沖突、同伴拒絕)均與心理韌性、自尊呈負相關(guān)。另外,心理韌性與自尊顯著正相關(guān)。(4)親子關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系的支持維度與心理韌性對自尊均有顯著地正向預(yù)測作用,親子沖突和朋友沖突均顯著負向預(yù)測自尊,同伴拒絕對自尊的預(yù)測作用呈邊緣顯著;(5)親子沖突和同伴拒絕對青少年自尊的預(yù)測存在交互作用,具體表現(xiàn)在,當親子沖突較低時,低同伴拒絕的青少年自尊水平相對較高;(6)親子沖突和朋友沖突對青少年自尊的預(yù)測存在交互作用,具體表現(xiàn)在,當親子沖突較低時,低朋友沖突增強了親子沖突對自尊的顯著負向預(yù)測作用;(7)朋友沖突調(diào)節(jié)親子沖突與青少年自尊的關(guān)系,完全通過心理韌性的中介作用對青少年的自尊產(chǎn)生影響。即親子沖突影響青少年自尊的有中介的調(diào)節(jié)模型成立。
[Abstract]:The adolescence stage is an important stage in the process of individual self-development. Family and peers are two important environmental systems that affect the development of adolescents, and have been the focus of research all along. They are the most important core components of the two microsystems that affect adolescents, and they are also of great significance to the development of teenagers. In addition to the two environmental factors of parent-child relationship and peer relationship, psychological resilience is an individual factor. In the past, researchers mainly focused on one aspect of the environment or individual factors, but ignored the process between factors. In addition to exploring the direct predictive role of environmental factors (parent-child relationship and peer relationship) and individual factors, this study also explored the effects of environmental factors and individual factors on self-esteem by establishing a moderating model with an intermediary. By using random cluster sampling, 762 middle school students (416 boys and 346 girls) from two ordinary middle schools in Rizhao district, Shandong Province, were studied, including 169 students from Grade one, 170 people from Grade two, 211 students from Grade three, 50 students from Senior one and 58 students from Senior two. The average age of the subjects was 14.31 鹵1.67 years old. The Adolescent resilience scale and Self-esteem scale were used to examine the parent-child relationship (parental support and parent-child conflict), friend relationship (friend support and friend conflict), peer status (peer acceptance and peer rejection), psychology. Resilience and self-esteem, At the same time, the effects of parent-child relationship, peer relationship and psychological toughness on adolescent self-esteem were investigated. The results of this study show that the grade difference of parent-child relationship is significant. The scores of parental support perceived by junior two students were significantly lower than those of grade one, grade three, grade one, high school two and high three, and the scores of parent-child conflict reported in grade one were significantly lower than those in grade three. However, in the friendship of peer relationship, the gender difference of friend support was significant, and the score of friend support of girls was significantly higher than that of boys (2) there were significant grade differences in mental resilience and self-esteem of adolescents. The level of psychological toughness in Grade two was significantly lower than that in Grade one, and the self-esteem reported in Grade two was significantly lower than that in Grade one, Grade 3, Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3)) the support dimensions of parent-child relationship and peer relationship (parental support, friend support, etc. The dimensions of parent-child relationship and peer relationship (parent-child conflict, friend conflict, peer rejection) were negatively correlated with mental toughness and self-esteem. The supportive dimension of parent-child relationship and peer relationship and psychological toughness had significant positive predictive effect on self-esteem, and parent-child conflict and friend conflict were significantly negative predictors of self-esteem. The predictive effect of peer rejection on self-esteem was significantly marginal) there was interaction between parent-child conflict and peer rejection on adolescent self-esteem prediction, which was manifested in: when parent-child conflict was low, Adolescents with low peer rejection had a relatively high level of self-esteem. (6) Parent-child conflict and friend conflict had an interactive effect on adolescent self-esteem prediction, which was manifested in: when parent-child conflict was low, Low friend conflict enhanced the significant negative predictive effect of parent-child conflict on self-esteem.) the relationship between parent-child conflict and adolescent self-esteem was regulated by friend conflict. The mediating effect of psychological toughness on adolescents' self-esteem was established, that is, the mediating model of parent-child conflict affecting adolescents' self-esteem.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2

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