本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)民工隨遷子女 受教育權(quán) 平等保護(hù)　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程隨著戶籍制度的改革也步伐加快,人口流動(dòng)在地區(qū)之間、城鄉(xiāng)之間越來(lái)越頻繁,外來(lái)打工者的訴求在新生活狀態(tài)下日益增多。城市好的醫(yī)療、交通、教育等資源成了農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力由城市、西部經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)向中東部經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)力,因而越來(lái)越多的個(gè)體流動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為舉家遷移。也因此,農(nóng)民工隨遷子女的權(quán)利保障在眾多訴求中越來(lái)越受到社會(huì)大眾的關(guān)注,尤其是其受教育權(quán)的平等保護(hù)問(wèn)題一直是學(xué)術(shù)界熱議的話題。針對(duì)這些情況,國(guó)家也出臺(tái)了一些法律、法規(guī)和政策用來(lái)解決外出打工者隨遷子女的教育平等和公平問(wèn)題。然而,有關(guān)教育方針和政策仍與地方財(cái)政能力和具體戶口管理制度相掛鉤,農(nóng)民工隨遷子女的受教育權(quán)缺乏理所當(dāng)然的平等保護(hù),直至影響他們受教育權(quán)的真正實(shí)現(xiàn)。農(nóng)民工隨遷子女是我國(guó)的一個(gè)特殊群體,它不同于留守兒童也不同于城市子女,由于父輩、母輩或家庭的流動(dòng)性,其接受的教育情況與城市子女相比不盡如人意。例如,因?yàn)槿雽W(xué)機(jī)會(huì)不平等、升學(xué)受限制,他們有人不能接受流入地公辦學(xué)校教育;有的能按時(shí)接受教育卻無(wú)法擁有平等的教育條件,因?yàn)橥獬龃蚬ふ唠S遷子女所在學(xué)校教學(xué)質(zhì)量良莠不齊、設(shè)施落后;由于城鄉(xiāng)文化、生活習(xí)慣等差異,還有的隨遷子女容易被歧視而產(chǎn)生自卑等心理問(wèn)題,甚至輟學(xué)。受教育權(quán)是我國(guó)憲法規(guī)定的公民的基本權(quán)利,平等是第一要義。這些外來(lái)務(wù)工人員是城市發(fā)展的重要力量,他們堅(jiān)信知識(shí)改變命運(yùn),把希望寄托給自己的下一代,然而他們的子女卻不能平等的享受城市資源,因?yàn)楦鞣N政策的限制不能順利進(jìn)入城市公辦學(xué)校就讀,這無(wú)疑是對(duì)其權(quán)利的惡意侵害,不利于社會(huì)民生建設(shè)。究其原因,既有教育資源、政策的阻礙,也有戶籍制度和立法的不完善及救濟(jì)保障的缺乏。這些足以引起我們對(duì)外出打工者隨遷子女受教育權(quán)的狀況及如何平等保護(hù)他們的受教育權(quán)的反思。因此,本文將立足上海,逐步分析國(guó)內(nèi)處于義務(wù)教育階段外出打工者隨遷子女受教育權(quán)的內(nèi)涵、必要性,梳理和分析隨遷子女受教育權(quán)受到不平等對(duì)待的現(xiàn)狀及原因,并以此為基礎(chǔ),分別從形式平等、實(shí)質(zhì)平等、教育立法和政策、戶籍制度、權(quán)利救濟(jì)和保障等幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述,旨在從立法、執(zhí)法、司法等角度出發(fā)尋找解決外出打工者隨遷子女受教育權(quán)得到同等保護(hù)的對(duì)策,從而進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)人民幸福、社會(huì)和諧、國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, the rapid development of the market economy, urbanization with the rapid pace of the reform of the household registration system, population flows between regions, between urban and rural areas between more and more frequent. The demands of migrant workers are increasing under the new living conditions. Urban good medical care, transportation, education and other resources have become rural surplus labor force by the city. Because of the power of transferring from the underdeveloped areas in the west to the economically developed areas in the central and eastern regions, more and more individual mobility has been transformed into the family migration. The protection of the rights of migrant workers' children with emigration has been paid more and more attention by the public, especially the equal protection of their right to education has been a hot topic in academic circles. The State has also introduced laws, regulations and policies to address the issue of equality and equity in the education of migrant children. The relevant educational principles and policies are still linked to local financial capacity and specific hukou management system, and the right to education of migrant workers' children with emigration lacks the equal protection that they take for granted. Until the real realization of their right to education. Migrant workers with moving children is a special group in China, it is different from left-behind children also different from urban children, due to the mobility of parents, parents or families. Their access to education is not satisfactory compared with that of their urban children. For example, because of unequal access to school and limited access to education, some of them are unable to receive public education in the places where they live; Some can receive education on time but can not have equal educational conditions, because migrant workers with their children's school teaching quality is mixed, facilities are backward; Due to the differences between urban and rural culture, living habits, and other psychological problems, such as inferiority complex and even dropping out of school, the right to education is the basic right of citizens stipulated in the Constitution of our country. Equality is the first priority. These migrant workers are an important force in the development of the city. They firmly believe that knowledge will change their destiny and place their hopes on their next generation. However, their children can not enjoy equal access to urban resources, because the restrictions of various policies can not smoothly enter urban public schools, which is undoubtedly a malicious infringement of their rights. Not conducive to the construction of people's livelihood. The reason is that there are educational resources, policy obstacles. There are also the imperfections of the household registration system and legislation and the lack of relief protection, which is enough to cause us to reflect on the situation of migrant workers' right to receive education with their children and how to protect their right to education on an equal footing. Based on Shanghai, this paper will gradually analyze the connotation and necessity of the right of migrant workers in compulsory education stage to receive education for their children, and comb and analyze the status quo and reasons of unequal treatment of children's right to education. And on this basis, respectively from the form of equality, substantive equality, education legislation and policies, household registration system, rights relief and protection and other aspects of the purpose of legislation, law enforcement. From the angle of judicature, the author tries to find a solution to the equal protection of the right to education for the children of migrant workers, so as to further promote the people's happiness, social harmony and the realization of "Chinese Dream" for a long period of time in the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G521

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