鼠疫菌毒力蛋白YopM參與調(diào)控NALP3炎癥小體的分子機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-01-22 12:40
【摘要】:鼠疫是一種發(fā)病急、傳播快、病死率高、傳染性強(qiáng)的自然疫源性烈性傳染病,是危害人類(lèi)最嚴(yán)重的烈性傳染病之一,屬?lài)?guó)際檢疫傳染病,在我國(guó)《傳染病防治法》中列為甲類(lèi)傳染病之首。歷史上鼠疫有三次大流行,均導(dǎo)致超過(guò)一千萬(wàn)人以上的死亡,被稱(chēng)為黑死病。在自然界,鼠疫主要感染嚙齒類(lèi)動(dòng)物,通過(guò)跳蚤叮咬傳染至人類(lèi)。鼠疫的病原體是耶爾森氏菌。鼠疫菌侵入機(jī)體后,首先被局部淋巴組織中的吞噬細(xì)胞所吞噬,大部分的細(xì)菌被吞噬細(xì)胞殺死,但是仍有部分被巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬的鼠疫菌能通過(guò)某些機(jī)制得以存活和繁殖,并最終裂解細(xì)胞釋放到機(jī)體微環(huán)境中。從巨噬細(xì)胞釋放出來(lái)的鼠疫菌可以沿淋巴流到達(dá)局部淋巴結(jié),甚至并轉(zhuǎn)移至血液和全身臟器中,進(jìn)而形成高致死性的敗血癥型鼠疫和肺鼠疫。對(duì)鼠疫菌致病分子機(jī)制的研究將有助于鼠疫的防治。 鼠疫菌的Ⅲ型分泌系統(tǒng)(TypeⅢ secrtion system,T3SS)是鼠疫菌致病的重要因素。T3SS系統(tǒng)是革蘭氏陰性菌中廣泛存在的重要毒力因子,主要包括裝置蛋白、毒力蛋白、伴侶蛋白和轉(zhuǎn)位子蛋白。其中毒力蛋白通過(guò)裝置蛋白被分泌到細(xì)胞外或宿主細(xì)胞表面。甚至直接“注射”到宿主細(xì)胞中。鼠疫菌主要有6種效應(yīng)蛋白:YopH, YopE, YopT, YopJ/P, YpkA和YopM,這些效應(yīng)蛋白對(duì)鼠疫菌的毒力起到至關(guān)重要的作用。其中,YopM在感染宿主過(guò)程中尤為關(guān)鍵,當(dāng)YopM缺失突變,鼠疫菌的致病性大大降低。我們前期實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,YopM能夠促進(jìn)IL-1β分泌甚至“細(xì)胞焦亡”,并且通過(guò)生物信息學(xué)預(yù)測(cè),YopM可能是個(gè)新型的E3連接酶。然而,YopM作為鼠疫菌內(nèi)非常重要的毒力因子,其宿主靶標(biāo)和致病具體機(jī)制的尚不清楚。因此本研究擬通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究確定YopM的E3連接酶活性及其底物,進(jìn)一步研究YopM的E3連接酶活性對(duì)鼠疫菌致病性的影響。 我們研究表明:YopM特異性靶向NALP3蛋白,與NALP3相互作用并介導(dǎo)NALP3發(fā)生K63位泛素化連接,從而調(diào)控NALP3炎癥小體的炎癥反應(yīng)。雖然炎癥反應(yīng)能夠抵御細(xì)菌和病毒感染,維持細(xì)胞的存活,起到保護(hù)宿主清除鼠疫菌等致病菌的入侵,但是炎癥的過(guò)度激活,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞焦亡,導(dǎo)致腸上皮細(xì)胞屏障破壞,細(xì)菌進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散。因此,我們推測(cè)YopM可以調(diào)控炎癥小體組成蛋白NALP3蛋白穩(wěn)定性并對(duì)其進(jìn)行泛素化修飾作用,這是調(diào)控宿主抗病原菌應(yīng)答一種新的機(jī)制。進(jìn)一步研究表明: 1、YopM在參與炎癥小體的調(diào)控中起到至關(guān)重要的作用:通過(guò)鼠疫菌感染小鼠骨髓巨噬細(xì)胞BMDM,發(fā)現(xiàn)野生型鼠疫菌導(dǎo)致procaspase-1激活并促進(jìn)IL-1β分泌,YopM缺失突變的菌株激活炎癥小體的功能明顯減弱。 2、YopM是個(gè)新型的E3連接酶:通過(guò)體內(nèi)和體外自身泛素實(shí)驗(yàn),證實(shí)YopM具有E3連接酶活性。通過(guò)序列分析、構(gòu)建CA突變體,發(fā)現(xiàn)YopM通過(guò)其N(xiāo)端的第68位半胱氨酸發(fā)揮E3連接酶功能。 3、YopM通過(guò)影響NALP3穩(wěn)定性調(diào)控炎癥小體的激活:通過(guò)免疫共沉淀實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)YopM能夠與NALP3相互作用,進(jìn)一步免疫印跡實(shí)驗(yàn)表明YopM通過(guò)E3連接酶使NALP3發(fā)生K63位泛素化連接,增強(qiáng)NALP3的穩(wěn)定性并延長(zhǎng)其半衰期。 4、YopM調(diào)控NALP3炎癥小體介導(dǎo)的抗病原菌細(xì)胞應(yīng)答:通過(guò)鼠疫菌感染BMDC細(xì)胞并檢測(cè)其毒力,發(fā)現(xiàn)YopM缺失突變的鼠疫菌侵染巨噬細(xì)胞的毒力大大降低,YopM C68A回復(fù)突變株不能同YopM回復(fù)突變株一樣恢復(fù)其強(qiáng)毒力。 綜上所述,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)YopM作為新型E3連接酶,通過(guò)其N(xiāo)端的68位半胱氨酸催化Nalp3發(fā)生K63-連接的泛素化修飾,并與NALP3發(fā)生相互作用,增強(qiáng)Nalp3穩(wěn)定性、延長(zhǎng)其半衰期,并最終促進(jìn)NALP3炎癥小體的激活。本研究確定了YopM的致病機(jī)制,揭示了鼠疫菌致病的分子機(jī)理,為鼠疫的防治和鼠疫疫苗等的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用提供新的靶標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The plague is one of the most serious infectious diseases of the human being, which is one of the most serious infectious diseases of the human being, which is one of the most serious infectious diseases of the human being, and is listed as the first class of infectious disease of the class A in China. The plague has three major epidemics in history, leading to more than 10 million deaths, known as black-and-death. In nature, plague is a major infectious rodent that is transmitted to humans by a flea bite. The pathogen of the plague is the Yersinia. After the Yersinia pestis invade the body, it is first engulfed by the phagocytes in the local lymphoid tissue, and most of the bacteria are killed by the phagocytes, but the Yersinia pestis, which are still engulfed by the macrophages, can survive and propagate through certain mechanisms, and finally, the cells are released into the micro-environment of the body. The Yersinia pestis released from the macrophages can reach the local lymph nodes along the lymph flow, and can even be transferred to the blood and whole body organs to form highly lethal septicemia type plague and lung plague. The research on the pathogenic molecular mechanism of Yersinia pestis will help prevent and cure the plague. The type 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2413214
[Abstract]:The plague is one of the most serious infectious diseases of the human being, which is one of the most serious infectious diseases of the human being, which is one of the most serious infectious diseases of the human being, and is listed as the first class of infectious disease of the class A in China. The plague has three major epidemics in history, leading to more than 10 million deaths, known as black-and-death. In nature, plague is a major infectious rodent that is transmitted to humans by a flea bite. The pathogen of the plague is the Yersinia. After the Yersinia pestis invade the body, it is first engulfed by the phagocytes in the local lymphoid tissue, and most of the bacteria are killed by the phagocytes, but the Yersinia pestis, which are still engulfed by the macrophages, can survive and propagate through certain mechanisms, and finally, the cells are released into the micro-environment of the body. The Yersinia pestis released from the macrophages can reach the local lymph nodes along the lymph flow, and can even be transferred to the blood and whole body organs to form highly lethal septicemia type plague and lung plague. The research on the pathogenic molecular mechanism of Yersinia pestis will help prevent and cure the plague. The type 鈪,
本文編號(hào):2413214
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