【摘要】： 目的:體型是指身體各部位的形態(tài)特征,是評定人的體格和身材的一項重要指標。年齡、性別、環(huán)境、習慣、經濟、健康等都是其影響因素。體型測量研究在環(huán)境與人的關系、青少年營養(yǎng)狀況發(fā)育、體育運動和疾病的預防中的應用越來越廣泛。我國苗族廣泛分布在西南部,聚居地多山,交通不便,民風習俗獨特,本文就湘西苗族人的體型進行研究,測量算出其體型值,補充中國人的基本體質數據庫。 方法:本文采用Heath-Carter體型測量法,調查了300例(男女各150例)湘西苗族成年人的身高、體重、肱三頭肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、骼前上棘皮褶厚度、腓腸肌皮褶厚度、上臂緊張圍、小腿圍、肱骨遠端寬和股骨遠端寬共10個指標,然后根據10項指標數據求得內、中、外三因子值,得到湘西苗族成年人的體型值。 結果:湘西苗族成年人的體型值,男性為2.79—5.23—2.40,屬均衡的中胚層體型;女性為4.45—4.53—2.14,屬內胚層—中胚層均衡型。男女性的中因子都大,且男性大于女性(P0.01),女性的內因子值明顯大于男性,有顯著性差異(P0.01),外因子則是男性大于女性(P0.05)。體型分布中,男性有四種未出現,女性13種類型全有,都是中胚層占優(yōu)勢。相對于在我國的南亞少數民族中,苗族的內因子和中因子都比較大,顯示湘西苗族成年人男女骨骼肌肉都十分發(fā)達,女性脂肪相對豐滿,但外因子與別的南亞少數民族無多大差別,說明苗族成年男女線性度都不高,身材矮。表現在體型上,就是湘西苗族成人身材矮小結實。這與他們居住的環(huán)境和風俗習慣有關,呈現出一定的地區(qū)差異性。 結論:湘西苗族男性體型均值為2.79—5.23—2.40,為均衡的中胚層體型。湘西苗族女性體型均值為4.45—4.53—2.14,為內胚層-中胚層均衡型。湘西苗族成年人的的體型表現矮小,骨骼肌肉發(fā)達,有性別差和地區(qū)差。
[Abstract]:Objective: somatotype refers to the morphological characteristics of various parts of the body and is an important index for evaluating human physique and stature. Age, sex, environment, habits, economy, health, etc. Somatotype measurement is more and more widely used in the relationship between environment and human, the development of adolescent nutrition, sports and disease prevention. The Miao nationality is widely distributed in the southwest of China, with mountainous areas, inconvenient transportation and unique folk customs. This paper studies the physique of the Miao people in the west of Hunan, measures and calculates the figure value of the Miao people, and supplements the basic physique database of the Chinese people. Methods: the height, weight, skin fold thickness of triceps brachii muscle, subscapular skinfold thickness, anterior spinous skin fold thickness, gastrocnemius skinfold thickness were investigated in 300 Miao adults (male and female, male and female) by Heath-Carter method. The upper arm tension girth, shank circumference, distal humeral width and distal femur width were 10 indexes. According to the data of 10 indexes, the values of inner, middle and outer factors were obtained, and the somatotype values of Miao adults in Xiangxi were obtained. Results: the somatotype value of the Miao adults in Xiangxi was 2.79-5.23-2.40, which belonged to the balanced mesoderm type, while the female was 4.45-4.53-2.14, belonging to the endoderm-mesoderm equilibrium type. The middle factors of male and female were larger than that of female (P0.01), the value of internal factor of female was significantly larger than that of male (P0.01), and the external factor of male was larger than that of female (P0.05). In the distribution of somatotypes, there were four types of males and 13 types of females, all of which were mesoderm dominant. Compared with the South Asian ethnic minorities in China, the internal and middle factors of the Miao nationality are relatively large, indicating that the adult men and women of the Miao nationality in Western Hunan are very well developed in bone and muscle, and that the female is relatively fat. However, there was no significant difference between the external factors and other South Asian minorities, indicating that the linear degree of the Hmong adult men and women was not high and their stature was short. Performance in the body, is Xiangxi Miao adult short and strong. This is related to their living environment and customs, showing certain regional differences. Conclusion: the mean of male somatotype of Miao nationality in Xiangxi is 2.79-5.23-2.40, which is a balanced mesoderm type. The mean figure of female somatotype of Miao nationality in western Hunan was 4.45-4.53-2.14, which was an equilibrium type between endoderm and mesoderm. The adults of the Miao nationality in Xiangxi are short, musculoskeletal, gender poor and regional poor.
【學位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R322

【引證文獻】

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1 李永霞;李詠蘭;陸舜華;李玉玲;顧捷;國海;陳琛;鄭連斌;;江西石江鄉(xiāng)漢族的體型研究[J];沈陽師范大學學報(自然科學版);2011年03期

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本文編號：2340261