【摘要】： 伴隨著“生物-社會-心理”醫(yī)學(xué)模式的出現(xiàn),上世紀(jì)三十年代產(chǎn)生了生物反饋治療,它是應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)將平時人們意識不到的人體生物信號,如腦電、肌電、皮電、心率、血壓等,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿藗兛梢杂X察到的信號,如聽覺、視覺信息,訓(xùn)練者根據(jù)這些信號學(xué)習(xí)在一定范圍內(nèi)有意識的調(diào)控內(nèi)臟器官的活動,糾正偏離正常的內(nèi)臟器官活動的治療和訓(xùn)練方法。 生物反饋的原理主要有三個:系統(tǒng)論、操作性條件反射、信息論和控制論,它們主要是在邏輯上對生物反饋進(jìn)行了解釋。它的發(fā)展大致可分為三個階段:第一階段是上世紀(jì)六十年代以前,研究者實現(xiàn)了人對單個或多個運動單元失活、激活的控制;第二個階段是上個世紀(jì)六十年代到九十年代,發(fā)現(xiàn)了自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的操作性條件反射理論,奠定生物反饋治療內(nèi)臟疾病的理論基礎(chǔ),建立了生物反饋的專業(yè)組織;第三個階段是上世紀(jì)九十年代到現(xiàn)在,由于腦電專家發(fā)現(xiàn)不同頻率的腦電波的數(shù)量,與人的意識、情緒高度相關(guān),出現(xiàn)了神經(jīng)生物反饋,研究者也開始在神經(jīng)生理的基礎(chǔ)上探討生物反饋的具體作用機(jī)制。 現(xiàn)在生物反饋已經(jīng)廣泛的運用于臨床,它的有效性也得到多方的證實。但是它的訓(xùn)練效率在很大程度上依賴于生物反饋訓(xùn)練師的專業(yè)水平和病人的暗示能力。如何改進(jìn)生物反饋訓(xùn)練模式來提高訓(xùn)練效率還值得進(jìn)一步的研究。 本研究運用最常用的生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練,對其單次訓(xùn)練過程進(jìn)行分析,比較采用腦電(electroencephalogram,EEG)、肌電(electromyogram,EMG)、皮電(galvanic skin response,GSR)信號進(jìn)行生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練和音樂放松過程中腦電а波相對功率、肌電、皮電的變化,對如何改進(jìn)訓(xùn)練模式提高生物反饋效率進(jìn)行初步的探討。實驗對16名健康被試首先進(jìn)行音樂放松30分鐘,然后按隨機(jī)順序采用腦電、肌電、皮電各進(jìn)行生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練30分鐘。實驗過程中運用Spirit-32生物反饋儀記錄腦電а波相對功率、肌電、皮電并分析。 實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)腦電а波相對功率在腦電、肌電、皮電生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練中上升幅度比音樂放松明顯(t=-4.589、-3.087、-3.187 P0.05)。皮電在腦電、皮電生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練中下降幅度比音樂放松明顯(t=-3.954、-2.582 P0.05)。音樂放松、各種生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練使腦電а波相對功率(肌電、皮電)隨時間變化的趨勢不同,F=2.083(1.773、3.939),P0.05。這種生理信號在上下波動中趨向訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)的變化可能是生物反饋放松訓(xùn)練中全或無的反饋方式和自我獎勵的知覺反饋所導(dǎo)致。在以后的生物反饋的訓(xùn)練中,建議根據(jù)病人的基礎(chǔ)生理指標(biāo)設(shè)定“域值”。在“域值”范圍內(nèi),隨著被試的生理信號實際變化,給予連續(xù)的聲音或圖像的感覺反饋。本研究是國內(nèi)首個針對提高單次生物反饋訓(xùn)練效率的研究,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了感覺生物反饋和知覺生物反饋的分類。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of "bio- social-psychological" medical model, biofeedback therapy was produced in the 1930s. It is the application of modern science and technology to the human body biological signals, such as EEG, EMG, dermatoglyphics, etc. Heart rate, blood pressure, etc., turn into signals that people can detect, such as auditory and visual information, according to which trainers learn to consciously regulate the activities of internal organs to a certain extent. Methods of treatment and training to correct deviations from normal visceral organ activity. There are three main principles of biofeedback: system theory, operational conditioned reflex, information theory and cybernetics, which mainly explain biofeedback logically. Its development can be roughly divided into three stages: the first stage was before the 1960s, when researchers realized human control over the inactivation and activation of single or more moving units; the second stage was from the 1960s to the 1990s. Found the operational conditioned reflex theory of autonomic nervous system, laid the theoretical foundation for biofeedback treatment of visceral diseases, and established a professional organization of biofeedback. The third stage was from the 1990s to the present. As EEG experts find that the number of different frequencies of brain waves is highly related to human consciousness and emotion, neurobiofeedback appears. Researchers have also begun to explore the specific mechanism of biofeedback on the basis of neurophysiology. Now biofeedback has been widely used in clinical practice, and its effectiveness has also been confirmed by many. But its training efficiency depends largely on the biofeedback trainer's professional level and patient's hinting ability. How to improve the biofeedback training mode to improve the training efficiency is worth further study. In this study, the most commonly used biofeedback relaxation training was used to analyze the single training process, and to compare the relative power of EEG wave in the process of biofeedback relaxation training and music relaxation by using the signals of electroencephalogram,EEG, electromyogram,EMG and (galvanic skin response,GSR. The changes of electromyography and skin electricity, how to improve the training mode to improve the biofeedback efficiency were discussed. Sixteen healthy subjects were given music relaxation for 30 minutes and then biofeedback relaxation training for 30 minutes in random order. Spirit-32 biofeedback instrument was used to record and analyze the relative power, myoelectric and cutaneous electrical activity of EEG wave. It was found that the relative power of EEG wave was significantly higher in EEG, EMG, and EC biofeedback relaxation training than in music relaxation (tr -4.589- 3.087U -3.187 P0.05). The decrease of skin electrical activity in EEG and biofeedback relaxation training was more significant than that in music relaxation (t = 3.954U -2.582 P 0.05). Music relaxation and various biofeedback relaxation exercises made the relative power of EEG wave (myoelectric, cutaneous electric) vary with time, FN 2.083 (1.773m3.939), P0.05. The tendency of this physiological signal to the training target during the up-and-down fluctuation may be the result of the complete or no feedback mode in the biofeedback relaxation training and the perceptual feedback of self-reward. In the later biofeedback training, it is suggested to set the "domain value" according to the patient's basic physiological index. In the range of "domain value", the sensory feedback of continuous sound or image was given with the actual changes of physiological signals. This study is the first study in China to improve the efficiency of single biofeedback training, and found the classification of sensory biofeedback and perceptual biofeedback.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R395.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王智;董蕊;張偉;;不同反饋形式的生物反饋和音樂放松訓(xùn)練對生理反應(yīng)和心理指標(biāo)的影響[J];體育科學(xué);2010年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 董超;生物反饋技術(shù)對抑郁發(fā)作亞臨床狀態(tài)的干預(yù)研究[D];成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2012年

2 靳攀;四川省優(yōu)秀跳高運動員備戰(zhàn)南昌城運會心理建設(shè)的應(yīng)用研究[D];成都體育學(xué)院;2012年

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本文編號：2278217