發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 21:19

【摘要】： 目的:坐骨神經的解剖學特點是臨床坐骨神經阻滯的基礎。本研究的目的:(一)應用超聲技術,觀察坐骨神經的解剖特點及其在臀區(qū)和大腿后側的體表投影與體表標志之間的關系;(二)觀察坐骨神經的各解剖參數與個體差異之間的相關性。 方法:本研究對25例志愿者的坐骨神經行超聲描述。應用4～7MHZ的扇性超聲探頭,在臀區(qū)找到梨狀肌和穿出梨狀肌的坐骨神經,然后沿坐骨神經走行向下移動超聲探頭到臀下溝水平;用10～15MHZ的高頻矩陣超聲探頭沿坐骨神經走行在大腿后逐漸下移到乆窩底。記錄坐骨神經在臀區(qū)的體表投影與脊柱中線的距離和在大腿后的體表投影與大腿后中線的距離;測量超聲橫切面圖中坐骨神經的寬和高及最上緣距皮膚的深度。并對各參數進行比較和分析。 結果:坐骨神經的解剖結構左右對稱;在臀區(qū)的平均寬度為1.34±0.24cm～2.14±0.37cm,在下肢的平均寬度為0.84±0.16cm～1.28±0.19cm;坐骨神經在臀區(qū)的平均深度為4.60±0.55cm～6.08±0.68cm,在下肢的平均深度為2.29±0.82cm～3.99±0.41cm;坐骨神經在臀區(qū)的走行基本與脊柱中線平行,相距9.56±0.61cm～10.05±0.60cm;坐骨神經在下肢的體表投影基本位于大腿后中線。坐骨神經在臀區(qū)和下肢的體表投影與國人的性別、年齡、體重和身高之間無明顯相關性。 結論:坐骨神經的體表投影在臀區(qū)與脊柱中線平行,相距約10cm;在下肢與“大腿后中線”基本一致。坐骨神經的體表投影與個體差異無明顯的相關性。
[Abstract]:Objective: the anatomical characteristics of sciatic nerve are the basis of clinical sciatic nerve block. The purpose of this study is: (1) to apply ultrasonic technology, To observe the anatomical characteristics of sciatic nerve and the relationship between the surface projection and body surface markers in the gluteal area and the posterior thigh. (2) to observe the correlation between the anatomical parameters of sciatic nerve and individual differences. Methods: the sciatic nerve of 25 volunteers was described by ultrasound. The sciatic nerve of piriformis and piriformis was found in the gluteal area with 4~7MHZ 's fan ultrasonic probe, and then the ultrasonic probe was moved down the sciatic nerve to the level of the inferior gluteal sulcus. The high frequency matrix ultrasound probe of 10~15MHZ was used to walk along the sciatic nerve and gradually move down to the bottom of the nests after the thigh. The distance between the surface projection of sciatic nerve in the gluteal area and the midline of the spine and the distance between the surface projection of the sciatic nerve in the posterior thigh and the posterior midline of the thigh were recorded, and the width and height of the sciatic nerve and the depth from the upper edge to the skin were measured. The parameters are compared and analyzed. Results: the anatomical structure of sciatic nerve was symmetrical. The average width in the gluteal area was 1.34 鹵0.24cm~2.14 鹵0.37 cm, in the lower extremity was 0.84 鹵0.19 cm, the average depth of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal area was 4.60 鹵0.68 cm, and the average depth in the lower extremity was 2.29 鹵0.82cm~3.99 鹵0.41 cm. The distance was 9.56 鹵0.61cm~10.05 鹵0.60cm.The sciatic nerve projection on the lower limb was basically located in the midline of the posterior thigh. There was no significant correlation between the projection of sciatic nerve in the gluteal area and lower extremity and sex, age, weight and height of Chinese. Conclusion: the surface projection of sciatic nerve is parallel to the midline of spine in the gluteal area, and is consistent with the posterior midline of thigh in lower extremity. There was no significant correlation between the body surface projection of sciatic nerve and individual difference.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R614;R322

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