【摘要】： 三維立體解剖圖像早于70年代就引起生物科學(xué)界的廣泛注意,將三維立體重建技術(shù)應(yīng)用于形態(tài)學(xué)的研究早有開展[1][2],如國外的voxe-man的誕生和國內(nèi)的盧洪煊等人顱腦的形態(tài)學(xué)研究,但由于受斷層技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)性能等因素的限制,前人所做出的多為單一器官或組織的三維重建,且圖像質(zhì)量不盡滿意,無論對(duì)教學(xué)和臨床都無很高的指導(dǎo)意義。目前,臨床上CT、MRI等影像診斷技術(shù)由于灰度等因素的影響,圖像清晰度不盡完美,對(duì)大腦的深部結(jié)構(gòu)重建效果不盡人意。本文采用薄層的顱腦組織冰凍切片技術(shù)對(duì)大腦各部分結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)及空間位置的研究,旨在為完成中國數(shù)字化人體及三維重建技術(shù)向教學(xué)過渡和為臨床立體定向手術(shù)的開展提供形態(tài)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)及更詳盡的數(shù)字化資料。 本文采用國內(nèi)主流機(jī)型,利用目前較為先進(jìn)的數(shù)碼攝像技術(shù),運(yùn)用并改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)的冰凍切片技術(shù),對(duì)顱腦進(jìn)行厚度1mm的斷層切片,利用自編的軟件對(duì)斷層圖象,通過A/ D轉(zhuǎn)換,對(duì)位配準(zhǔn),興趣區(qū)提取,對(duì)顱腦復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行三維重建,并作到了在二維屏幕上進(jìn)行三維立體顯示。重建后的圖像可根據(jù)軟件的功能在屏幕上任意角度進(jìn)行旋轉(zhuǎn),剖割,拆分和透明處理等,重建圖像輪廓清晰,對(duì)不同的器官可任意設(shè)定顏色或真彩顯示。與CT,MRI斷層影像重建的結(jié)果比較,增加了組織器官色彩的鮮明性和真實(shí)性、多種組織同時(shí)重建和同一組織器官的拆分。解決了人體結(jié)構(gòu)中最復(fù)雜的部位即顱腦的三維重建和受計(jì)算機(jī)處理速度限制的問題,為中國數(shù)字化人體工程提供了一種可行的操作方法和技術(shù)手段。同時(shí),在顱腦整體重建圖像的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)顱腦結(jié)構(gòu)的三維坐標(biāo)值,體積等相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行測量和計(jì)算,為空間立體測量獲取人體結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)信息提供了一種簡潔、科學(xué)和準(zhǔn)確的方法。為三維重建技術(shù)向教學(xué)和臨床過度奠定了基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)本文著眼于臨床,利用醫(yī)學(xué)影象技術(shù)和三維重建方法對(duì)104例臨床腦出血的CT影像進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)和客觀的分析,得到幕上腦出血時(shí)CT影像的形變規(guī)律,如按部位內(nèi)囊、外囊、丘腦和基底核等出血時(shí)與中線結(jié)構(gòu)位移關(guān)系,出血量多少與中線移位之間的關(guān)系等,以期指導(dǎo)臨床上對(duì)腦出血的診斷和治療。
[Abstract]:3D stereoscopic anatomical images have attracted wide attention from the biological science community since the 1970s. The application of 3D stereoscopic reconstruction technology to the study of morphology has been carried out [1] [2], such as the birth of voxe-man in foreign countries and the morphological study of human brain in China, such as Lu Hongxuan, and so on. However, due to the limitation of fault technology and computer performance, most of the previous works are 3D reconstruction of a single organ or tissue, and the image quality is not satisfactory, so it has no high guiding significance for teaching and clinic. At present, because of the influence of gray level and other factors, the image definition is not perfect, and the reconstruction effect of deep structure of brain is not satisfactory. In this paper, the morphology and spatial location of various parts of the brain were studied by thin-layer frozen section of brain tissue. The aim is to provide morphological basis and more detailed digital data for the transition of digital human body and 3D reconstruction technology to teaching and clinical stereotactic surgery in China. In this paper, using the domestic mainstream model, using the advanced digital camera technology, using and improving the traditional frozen section technology, the slice of the brain thickness of 1mm is made, and the image of the slice is obtained by using the self-compiled software, and the image is converted by A / D. Position registration, extraction of region of interest, 3D reconstruction of complex craniocerebral structure, and 3D display on two-dimensional screen. The reconstructed image can be rotated, cut, split and transparently processed at any angle on the screen according to the function of the software. The reconstructed image has a clear outline and can be displayed in any color or true color for different organs. Compared with the results of CT MRI reconstruction, the color of tissues and organs is more vivid and truthful, and many kinds of tissues are reconstructed simultaneously and the same tissues and organs are split. It solves the problem that the most complex part of the human body is the three-dimensional reconstruction of brain and is limited by the speed of computer processing. It provides a feasible operation method and technical means for the digital human body engineering in China. At the same time, on the basis of the whole brain reconstruction image, the related parameters such as the three-dimensional coordinate value and the volume of the brain structure are measured and calculated, which provides a simple way for the spatial stereoscopic measurement to obtain the human body structure data information. Scientific and accurate methods. It lays the foundation for the transition of 3D reconstruction technology to teaching and clinic. At the same time, with the purpose of clinical application, the CT images of 104 cases of clinical intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed systematically and objectively by using medical imaging technique and three-dimensional reconstruction method. The deformation rules of CT images in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage were obtained, such as the internal capsule according to the location. In order to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, the relationship between external capsule, thalamus and basal nucleus and the displacement of midline structure, the amount of bleeding and the displacement of midline were discussed in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：R322;R743.34

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本文編號(hào)：2175404