本文選題：寰椎 + 樞椎　； 參考：《延邊大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： [目的]本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是通過(guò)對(duì)成人頸部脊柱區(qū)的解剖,觀測(cè)寰椎、樞椎椎弓根的寬度、長(zhǎng)度及齒突的高度、齒突的冠狀徑、齒突的矢狀徑和齒狀突后傾角等,加深對(duì)寰椎、樞椎及齒突的局部解剖學(xué)的了解,為臨床手術(shù)操作提供解剖學(xué)依據(jù),為我國(guó)人類學(xué)研究進(jìn)一步積累資料。 [方法]1.選取10例經(jīng)福爾馬林固定的成人頸部脊柱區(qū)標(biāo)本,逐層解剖,觀察頸椎的形態(tài)、位置。 2.充分暴露頸背部,去除頸椎周圍的軟組織,顯露頸椎,分離寰枕關(guān)節(jié),斷頭;分離第七頸椎和第一胸椎關(guān)節(jié),完整取下頸椎。觀察頸椎整體觀,然后分離各頸椎。 3.采用游標(biāo)卡尺(精確度為0.02 mm)和量角器(精確度為1°)測(cè)量寰椎、樞椎及齒突的相關(guān)解剖學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。 [結(jié)果]1.寰椎椎弓根的寬度為左側(cè)(11.66±1.21)mm,右側(cè)(11.63±1.42)mm;椎弓根長(zhǎng)度左側(cè)(26.83±0.78)mm,右側(cè)(27.12±0.69)mm;椎動(dòng)脈溝最薄處后弓高度左側(cè)(4.54±0.81)mm,右側(cè)(4.55±0.85)mm。 2.樞椎椎弓根高度左側(cè)(8.26±0.67)mm,右側(cè)(8.20±1.12)mm;椎弓根上寬左側(cè)(8.60±1.83)mm,右側(cè)(8.22±1.60)mm;椎弓根下寬左側(cè)(4.49±0.42)mm,右側(cè)(4.37±0.46)mm。 3.樞椎高度為(36.20±2.25)mm;齒突高度為(14.27±1.09)mm;齒突的的冠狀徑為(8.95±0.39)mm;齒突的矢狀徑為(9.98±0.35)mm;齒突后傾角為(9.5±1.9)°。 [結(jié)論]1.為寰椎、樞椎及齒突螺釘內(nèi)固定技術(shù)提供了解剖學(xué)依據(jù),寰椎:螺釘長(zhǎng)度為(26～28)mm,直徑為(3.0～3.5)mm。樞椎:螺釘長(zhǎng)度為(24～28)mm,直徑為(3.0～3.5)mm。齒突:螺釘長(zhǎng)度為(3.5～4.0)cm,直徑為(4.0～4.5)mm,具有科學(xué)的指導(dǎo)意義。 2.寰椎、樞椎及齒突螺釘內(nèi)固定技術(shù)可適用于大部分成年人,強(qiáng)調(diào)螺釘內(nèi)固定術(shù)的個(gè)體化操作。 3.對(duì)齒突的解剖學(xué)測(cè)量,為人類學(xué)研究提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:[objective] the purpose of this experiment was to observe the width, length and height of the atlas and axial pedicle, the coronal diameter of the odontoid process, the sagittal diameter of the odontoid process and the posterior inclination angle of the odontoid process through the anatomy of the cervical spine area of the adult. The understanding of local anatomy of axis and odontoid process provides anatomic basis for clinical operation and further accumulates data for anthropology research in China. [methods] 1. Ten adult cervical spine specimens fixed by formalin were dissected layer by layer to observe the shape and position of cervical vertebrae. 2. Fully exposed the cervical back, removed the soft tissue around the cervical spine, exposed the cervical vertebrae, separated the atlanto-occipital joint, severed the head, separated the seventh cervical spine and the first thoracic vertebrae joint, and removed the lower cervical vertebrae completely. Observe the overall view of the cervical spine, and then separate the cervical vertebrae. 3. The anatomical data of atlas, axis and odontoid process were measured by Vernier caliper (accuracy 0.02 mm) and protractor (accuracy 1 擄). [result] 1. The width of atlas pedicle was 11.66 鹵1.21mm on the left and 11.63 鹵1.42mm on the right, the length of the pedicle was 26.83 鹵0.78mm on the left and 27.12 鹵0.69mm. the height of the posterior arch was 4.54 鹵0.81mm. the height of the posterior arch was 4.54 鹵0.85mm. 2. The height of pedicle of axis was 8.26 鹵0.67 mm on the left side, 8.20 鹵1.12 mm on the right side, 8.60 鹵1.83 mm on the left side, 8.22 鹵1.60 mm on the right side, 4.49 鹵0.42 mm on the left side and 4.37 鹵0.46 mm on the right side. 3. The height of axis was 36.20 鹵2.25mm. the height of odontoid process was 14.27 鹵1.09mm. the coronal diameter of odontoid process was 8.95 鹵0.39mm. the sagittal diameter of odontoid process was 9.98 鹵0.35mm. [conclusion] 1. It provides anatomic basis for the technique of internal fixation of atlas, axis and odontoid process screws. The length of the screw is 26mm and the diameter of the screw is 3.0m ~ 3.5m ~ (-1). Axis: the length of screw was 24m, and the diameter of screw was 3.0m ~ 3.5m ~ (-1). Odontoid process: the length of screw is 3.5 ~ 4.0 cm and the diameter is 4.0 ~ 4.5 mm, which is of scientific guiding significance. 2. Screw fixation of atlas, axis and odontoid process is suitable for most adults, emphasizing the individualized operation of screw fixation. 3. Anatomical measurements of the odontoid process provide a basis for anthropological research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：R322

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本文編號(hào)：1990866