發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 04:10

  本文選題：脊髓 + 形態(tài)學(xué)�。� 參考：《南通大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 第一部分犬脊髓的解剖學(xué)觀察和測量 目的:觀察犬脊髓基本形態(tài),測量獲取犬脊髓應(yīng)用解剖學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。 方法:1.通過對12只成年家犬脊髓冰凍切片進行Nissl染色,觀察脊髓整體觀及各脊髓節(jié)段橫斷面的形態(tài); 2.測量并統(tǒng)計脊髓各節(jié)段橫截面橫徑,矢狀徑,灰質(zhì)面積和白質(zhì)面積及其比值,灰質(zhì)百分比和壓縮比。 結(jié)果:犬脊髓位于椎管內(nèi),其長度與椎管長度不一致,分為頸(C)、胸(T)、腰(L)、骶(S)、尾(Co)幾個節(jié)段(C8,T13,L7,S3,Co5),二者的位置關(guān)系大體如下:C1-7與同序數(shù)椎骨的椎體相對應(yīng);C8平對C7-8椎骨之間;T1-6比同序數(shù)椎骨高1個椎體;T7-8比同序數(shù)椎骨高半個椎體;T9-L3與同序數(shù)椎骨的椎體相對應(yīng);L4-7對應(yīng)第5-6腰椎體高度;骶段和尾段相當(dāng)于第6-7腰椎體高度。犬脊髓全長有兩處梭型膨大:頸膨大(C5-T1)和腰膨大(L4-7)。各脊髓節(jié)段橫斷面橫徑、矢狀徑和灰質(zhì)面積、白質(zhì)面積的變化趨勢基本相同。各脊髓節(jié)段橫徑變化較矢狀徑大,其中C1為脊髓全長橫徑最大的節(jié)段,C6為脊髓全長矢狀徑最大的節(jié)段。在頸膨大和腰膨大部位灰、白質(zhì)比、灰質(zhì)百分比和壓縮比均較大。 結(jié)論:本實驗通過測量統(tǒng)計脊髓各節(jié)段橫截面橫徑,矢狀徑,灰、白質(zhì)面積及其比值,灰質(zhì)百分比和壓縮比等脊髓特征性參數(shù),為犬脊髓的損傷再生研究提供了形態(tài)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分犬脊髓皮質(zhì)脊髓束的BDA順行示蹤及三維可視化研究 目的:提供家犬皮質(zhì)脊髓束在脊髓中的走行和定位,探討數(shù)字三維重建技術(shù)在犬皮質(zhì)脊髓束中的應(yīng)用。 方法:選取8只成年家犬,運用生物素化葡聚糖胺(biotinylated dextran amine, BDA)免疫熒光技術(shù)順行追蹤犬脊髓皮質(zhì)脊髓束,對其在脊髓橫切面上進行解剖定位�；谌顾柽B續(xù)冰凍切片獲得脊髓和皮質(zhì)脊髓束的二維圖像,在Photoshop軟件環(huán)境下完成切片圖像的配準(zhǔn)、分割和灰度化,利用3D-DOCTOR 4.0軟件對脊髓及皮質(zhì)脊髓束進行三維重建并可視化。 結(jié)果:1.大腦皮層運動區(qū)錐體細胞及其軸突標(biāo)記為綠色熒光,錐體細胞軸突呈綠色條帶狀下行組成錐體束。在延髓錐體中可見綠色熒光標(biāo)記區(qū)域,與周圍結(jié)構(gòu)分界明顯。延髓下端錐體交叉處可見綠色熒光標(biāo)記信號經(jīng)延髓中央管腹側(cè),越邊交叉至對側(cè),進入脊髓外側(cè)索。脊髓頸、胸、腰、骶段可見有綠色熒光標(biāo)記區(qū)域位于外側(cè)索后部內(nèi)側(cè),緊鄰灰質(zhì)后角,境界清晰。同時發(fā)現(xiàn)綠色熒光標(biāo)記區(qū)域在脊髓外側(cè)索下行的過程中,位置逐漸背移,至胸4節(jié)段已可見部分綠色熒光標(biāo)記區(qū)域分布于脊髓后角區(qū)域,綠色熒光標(biāo)記區(qū)域范圍逐漸變小,在骶段僅可見少量綠色熒光標(biāo)記纖維。2. 3D-DOCTOR軟件重建出整個脊髓和皮質(zhì)脊髓束,可以從任意角度自由觀察其結(jié)構(gòu)并進行表面積、體積等應(yīng)用解剖學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)的測量。 結(jié)論:1.運用BDA-Streptavidin-FITC順行示蹤法可以對正常家犬皮質(zhì)脊髓束進行追蹤定位。2.家犬皮質(zhì)脊髓束自運動皮質(zhì)發(fā)出,經(jīng)錐體交叉至對側(cè)脊髓外側(cè)索,伴隨灰質(zhì)后角走行,下降達骶段。3.運用3D-DOCTOR軟件能夠重建出整個家犬脊髓,并可以從任意角度自由觀察其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。 第三部分犬大腦皮層和皮質(zhì)脊髓束電生理信號的記錄和初步分析 目的:通過采集犬大腦運動皮層和脊髓皮質(zhì)脊髓束電生理信號,分析描述電信號的特征,為犬脊髓損傷與修復(fù)研究提供有價值的神經(jīng)電生理資料。 方法:在犬大腦運動皮層和脊髓插入單電極,使用神經(jīng)信號采集處理系統(tǒng)(Cerebus System)記錄犬大腦皮層和脊髓電生理信號。利用神經(jīng)信號分析軟件off-line Sorter、Neuroexplorer對已存儲的信號文件進行波形特點的描述,包括波長、波幅、放電頻率等。 結(jié)果:1.在犬大腦皮層和脊髓均穩(wěn)定記錄到長時間連續(xù)的皮層和脊髓傳導(dǎo)束自發(fā)放電信號。2.大腦皮層運動神經(jīng)元和脊髓內(nèi)傳導(dǎo)束放電波形呈雙向放電波形,波幅均為百μv級。3.利用“Neuroexplorer”神經(jīng)信號分析軟件對記錄的文件作進一步分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)皮層神經(jīng)元和脊髓內(nèi)傳導(dǎo)束的放電呈連續(xù)性發(fā)放。 結(jié)論:1.運用鉑-玻璃微電極可以對犬大腦運動皮質(zhì)和脊髓內(nèi)傳導(dǎo)束進行神經(jīng)電信號的采集。2.從獲取的電信號特征及電極尖端插入脊髓內(nèi)的位置判斷脊髓內(nèi)傳導(dǎo)束的神經(jīng)電信號來源于大腦運動皮質(zhì),提示為皮質(zhì)脊髓束。
[Abstract]:The anatomic observation and measurement of the first part of the canine spinal cord
Objective: To observe the basic morphology of canine spinal cord and measure the applied anatomy data of canine spinal cord.
Methods: 1. by staining the frozen section of the spinal cord of 12 adult dogs by Nissl staining, the whole view of the spinal cord and the transverse section of the spinal segments were observed. 2. the transverse diameter, the sagittal diameter, the area of gray matter and the white matter area and its ratio, the percentage of gray matter and the ratio of compression were measured and measured.
Results: in the spinal canal, the length of the spinal cord is not consistent with the length of the spinal canal. The spinal cord is divided into the neck (C), the chest (T), the waist (L), the sacral (S), the tail (Co) segments (C8, T13, L7, S3, Co5). The relationship between the two are as follows: C1-7 is corresponding to the vertebrae of the same ordinal vertebra, and the 1 vertebrae are higher than the ordinal vertebrae; A half vertebral body; T9-L3 corresponds to the vertebral body of the same ordinal vertebra; L4-7 corresponds to the height of the 5-6 lumbar body; the sacral and tail segments correspond to the height of the 6-7 lumbar vertebrae. The whole length of the spinal cord has two spindle enlargements: the cervical enlargement (C5-T1) and the lumbar enlargement (L4-7). The transverse diameter, sagittal diameter and gray matter area of the spinal segments are the basic phase of the change of the white matter area. The transverse diameter of the spinal cord segments was larger than that of the sagittal diameter, of which C1 was the largest segment of the total length of the spinal cord, and C6 was the largest segment of the total sagittal diameter of the spinal cord. The ratio of white matter to the mass of gray matter, the percentage of gray matter and the ratio of compression were greater.
Conclusion: this experiment provides a morphological basis for the study of spinal cord injury and regeneration in canine spinal cord by measuring the cross section transverse diameter, sagittal diameter, sagittal diameter, ash, white matter area and its ratio, gray matter percentage and compression ratio.
The second part is the BDA anterograde tracing and three-dimensional visualization of corticospinal tract in canine spinal cord.
Objective: to provide the location and localization of the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord of dogs, and to explore the application of digital three-dimensional reconstruction technology in the corticospinal tract of dogs.
Methods: 8 adult dogs were selected by using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) immunofluorescence technique to follow the spinal cord of the corticospinal spinal cord of the canine. The two-dimensional images of the spinal cord and corticospinal tract were obtained based on the continuous frozen section of the canine spinal cord. In the Photoshop software environment, the spinal cord and the corticospinal tract were obtained. The registration, segmentation and grayscale of slice images were completed. The spinal cord and corticospinal tract were reconstructed and visualized using 3D-DOCTOR 4 software.
Results: 1. the pyramidal cells and axons in the motor area of the cerebral cortex were marked as green fluorescence, and the axon of the pyramidal cells was formed into a pyramidal tract with green strip. In the medulla pyramids, the green fluorescent labeling region was visible, and the boundary was distinct. The greenish fluorescent labeling signal was visible through the ventral side of the central canal of the medulla oblongata and the edge of the medulla. Cross to the contralateral side, into the lateral cord of the spinal cord. The region of the spinal cord neck, the chest, the waist, and the sacral segment is visible in the medial posterior part of the lateral cord, close to the posterior horn of the gray matter, and the boundary is clear. Meanwhile, the green fluorescent labeling area is gradually back in the process of the lateral cord of the spinal cord, and the 4 segment of the chest has been visible to some green fluorescent labeling areas. In the posterior horn of the spinal cord, the area of green fluorescent labeling gradually became smaller. Only a small amount of green fluorescent labeled fiber.2. 3D-DOCTOR was found in the sacral segment to reconstruct the whole spinal cord and the corticospinal tract. The structure of the spinal cord and the corticospinal tract could be observed freely from any angle, and the applied anatomical data of the surface area and volume were measured.
Conclusion: 1. the BDA-Streptavidin-FITC tracing method can be used to track the corticospinal tract of the normal dog's corticospinal tract. The.2. family canine corticospinal tract emits from the corticospinal tract. The pyramidal cross to the lateral cord of the spinal cord and the posterior horn of the gray matter walk, and the 3D-DOCTOR software can be used to reconstruct the whole canine spinal cord with the.3. application of the sacral segment, and the spinal cord can be rebuilt. Observe its internal structure freely from any angle.
The third part is the recording and preliminary analysis of electrophysiological signals of cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract in dogs.
Objective: to analyze the characteristics of electrical signals by collecting electrophysiological signals from the motor cortex of the canine and the corticospinal tract of the spinal cord, so as to provide valuable neurophysiological data for the study of the injury and repair of canine spinal cord.
Methods: a single electrode was inserted into the cerebral motor cortex and spinal cord of the dog. The electrophysiological signals of the canine cerebral cortex and spinal cord were recorded by Cerebus System. The characteristics of the waveform characteristics of the stored signal files were described by the neural signal analysis software off-line Sorter, Neuroexplorer, including the wavelength, amplitude, and frequency of the discharge. Rate and so on.
Results: 1. in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord of the canine, both the cortical and spinal cord of the dog were recorded for a long time. The waveforms of the conduction beam of the cortical motor neuron and spinal cord in the cortical motor neurons and spinal cord of.2. were two way discharge waveform. The amplitude of the wave amplitude was 100 mu V grade.3. using the "Neuroexplorer" signal analysis software of the "Neuroexplorer". Step analysis showed that the discharge of the conduction bundles in cortical neurons and spinal cord was continuous.
Conclusion: 1. a platinum glass microelectrode can be used to collect neuroelectrical signals in the motor cortex and spinal cord of the canine brain..2. from the acquired electrical signals and the position of the tip of the electrode can be inserted into the spinal cord to determine the neuroelectrical signal of the spinal cord in the motor cortex, suggesting the corticospinal tract.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R651.2;R322

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