本文選題：軍團菌 + 種屬鑒定��； 參考：《重慶醫(yī)科大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 軍團菌(Legionella)是一種兼性細胞內(nèi)寄生菌,廣泛存在于自然界及人工水體環(huán)境中。人體吸入污染有軍團菌的氣溶膠,飲用污染或創(chuàng)面接觸污染水源等,都有可能導致軍團菌的感染。軍團菌屬(Legionellace)已發(fā)現(xiàn)有50多個種,70多個血清型,并不斷有新的菌種從環(huán)境中分離。盡管絕大部分的軍團菌感染由嗜肺軍團菌(L. pneumophila)引起,但鑒于軍團菌的原蟲宿主細胞內(nèi)寄生性,在適宜的條件下,可以以相似的方式感染人體巨噬細胞,在這個意義上說,所有的軍團菌都具有致病性。近年來,軍團菌在西方多個國家引發(fā)大的爆發(fā)流行,并日益引起人們的重視,目前已有多個國家將軍團病(Legionnaire disease,LD)列為法定的傳染病。然而,針對軍團菌感染的疫苗目前尚未問世,軍團病的預防和控制,仍然以輸水管道的定期清洗和消毒為主。定期檢測人工水體及自然界中軍團菌的存在情況,并進行相應的處理,將大大地降低軍團病的發(fā)病率。我室在參考美國CDC 2005年公布的《環(huán)境水軍團菌分離培養(yǎng)程序》的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)軍團菌的微生物特性及在存活能力,接種前進行相應的水樣預處理,取得了較好的軍團菌分離培養(yǎng)效果。2006年8~11月間,于廣州市8個公園內(nèi)采集了44份水樣,對廣州市地表環(huán)境水中的存在情況進行抽樣市調(diào)查,結(jié)果8個公園內(nèi)均檢測到軍團菌,陽性率達61.36%。對于初分離的108株軍團菌,以AFLP進行同源性分析,得到31株不同菌菌株。經(jīng)生化反應、血清學鑒定、菌體脂肪酸分析、16S rRNA測序等多種手段,最終鑒定出嗜肺軍團菌(L. pneumophila)20株,橡樹嶺軍團菌(L. oakridgensis)1株,圣海倫軍團菌(L. sainthelensi)1株,長灘軍團菌(L. longbeachae)4株,菲氏軍團菌(L. feeleii )5株。參考EWGLI公布的《嗜肺軍團菌的AFLP分型草案》1.2版,對廣州金域醫(yī)學檢驗中心的41株嗜肺軍團菌進行分子分型,共得到為31個AFLP型,其中10個型別與EWGLI數(shù)據(jù)庫中的AFLP分型圖譜具有可比性。由此可見,采用規(guī)范化的AFLP技術(shù),有利于實驗室間的資料交流、比對,分子流行病學調(diào)查結(jié)果也更為有效和可靠。
[Abstract]:Legionella is a facultative intracellular parasite widely found in nature and artificial water environment. Inhaled aerosol contaminated with Legionella, drinking pollution or wound contact with contaminated water may lead to Legionella infection. Legionellace has found more than 50 species and 70 serotypes, and new strains have been isolated from the environment. Although the vast majority of Legionella infections are caused by Legionella pneumophila, given the parasitism of the protozoa host cells of Legionella, it is possible to infect human macrophages in a similar manner under suitable conditions, in that sense, All Legionella are pathogenic. In recent years, Legionnaire disease (LDD) has been listed as a legal infectious disease in many countries. However, the vaccine against Legionella infection is not yet available, and the prevention and control of Legionnaires disease is still focused on the regular cleaning and disinfection of water pipelines. Periodic detection of Legionella in artificial water and nature will greatly reduce the incidence of Legionnaires disease. On the basis of referring to the "procedure of isolation and Culture of Legionella in Environmental Water" published by CDC of the United States of America in 2005, according to the microbial characteristics of Legionella and its survival ability, the corresponding water samples were pretreated before inoculation. 44 water samples were collected from 8 parks in Guangzhou from August to November 2006. The presence of Legionella in surface environmental water in Guangzhou was investigated by sampling city. The results showed that Legionella was detected in 8 parks. The positive rate was 61.36%. For the first 108 strains of Legionella, 31 strains of different strains were obtained by AFLP homology analysis. By biochemical reaction, serological identification and 16s rRNA sequencing, the strains of Legionella pneumophila L. pneumophila)20, Legionella Oaks L. oakridgensis)1, Legionella St. Helene L. sainthelensi)1, Legionella long Beach L. longbeachae)4 were identified. Legionella fernesii L. feeleii 5 strains. According to the draft of AFLP typing of Legionella pneumophila published by EWGLI, the molecular typing of 41 strains of Legionella pneumophila in Jinyu Medical Laboratory Center of Guangzhou was carried out. The results showed that there were 31 AFLP types of Legionella pneumophila. Ten of them were comparable to AFLP genotyping in EWGLI database. It can be seen that the use of standardized AFLP technology is beneficial to the exchange of data among laboratories, and the results of molecular epidemiology investigation are more effective and reliable.
【學位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R378

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