本文選題：軍團(tuán)菌 + 種屬鑒定　； 參考：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 軍團(tuán)菌(Legionella)是一種兼性細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生菌,廣泛存在于自然界及人工水體環(huán)境中。人體吸入污染有軍團(tuán)菌的氣溶膠,飲用污染或創(chuàng)面接觸污染水源等,都有可能導(dǎo)致軍團(tuán)菌的感染。軍團(tuán)菌屬(Legionellace)已發(fā)現(xiàn)有50多個(gè)種,70多個(gè)血清型,并不斷有新的菌種從環(huán)境中分離。盡管絕大部分的軍團(tuán)菌感染由嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌(L. pneumophila)引起,但鑒于軍團(tuán)菌的原蟲(chóng)宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生性,在適宜的條件下,可以以相似的方式感染人體巨噬細(xì)胞,在這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),所有的軍團(tuán)菌都具有致病性。近年來(lái),軍團(tuán)菌在西方多個(gè)國(guó)家引發(fā)大的爆發(fā)流行,并日益引起人們的重視,目前已有多個(gè)國(guó)家將軍團(tuán)病(Legionnaire disease,LD)列為法定的傳染病。然而,針對(duì)軍團(tuán)菌感染的疫苗目前尚未問(wèn)世,軍團(tuán)病的預(yù)防和控制,仍然以輸水管道的定期清洗和消毒為主。定期檢測(cè)人工水體及自然界中軍團(tuán)菌的存在情況,并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的處理,將大大地降低軍團(tuán)病的發(fā)病率。我室在參考美國(guó)CDC 2005年公布的《環(huán)境水軍團(tuán)菌分離培養(yǎng)程序》的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)軍團(tuán)菌的微生物特性及在存活能力,接種前進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的水樣預(yù)處理,取得了較好的軍團(tuán)菌分離培養(yǎng)效果。2006年8~11月間,于廣州市8個(gè)公園內(nèi)采集了44份水樣,對(duì)廣州市地表環(huán)境水中的存在情況進(jìn)行抽樣市調(diào)查,結(jié)果8個(gè)公園內(nèi)均檢測(cè)到軍團(tuán)菌,陽(yáng)性率達(dá)61.36%。對(duì)于初分離的108株軍團(tuán)菌,以AFLP進(jìn)行同源性分析,得到31株不同菌菌株。經(jīng)生化反應(yīng)、血清學(xué)鑒定、菌體脂肪酸分析、16S rRNA測(cè)序等多種手段,最終鑒定出嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌(L. pneumophila)20株,橡樹(shù)嶺軍團(tuán)菌(L. oakridgensis)1株,圣海倫軍團(tuán)菌(L. sainthelensi)1株,長(zhǎng)灘軍團(tuán)菌(L. longbeachae)4株,菲氏軍團(tuán)菌(L. feeleii )5株。參考EWGLI公布的《嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌的AFLP分型草案》1.2版,對(duì)廣州金域醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)中心的41株嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌進(jìn)行分子分型,共得到為31個(gè)AFLP型,其中10個(gè)型別與EWGLI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的AFLP分型圖譜具有可比性。由此可見(jiàn),采用規(guī)范化的AFLP技術(shù),有利于實(shí)驗(yàn)室間的資料交流、比對(duì),分子流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果也更為有效和可靠。
[Abstract]:Legionella is a facultative intracellular parasite widely found in nature and artificial water environment. Inhaled aerosol contaminated with Legionella, drinking pollution or wound contact with contaminated water may lead to Legionella infection. Legionellace has found more than 50 species and 70 serotypes, and new strains have been isolated from the environment. Although the vast majority of Legionella infections are caused by Legionella pneumophila, given the parasitism of the protozoa host cells of Legionella, it is possible to infect human macrophages in a similar manner under suitable conditions, in that sense, All Legionella are pathogenic. In recent years, Legionnaire disease (LDD) has been listed as a legal infectious disease in many countries. However, the vaccine against Legionella infection is not yet available, and the prevention and control of Legionnaires disease is still focused on the regular cleaning and disinfection of water pipelines. Periodic detection of Legionella in artificial water and nature will greatly reduce the incidence of Legionnaires disease. On the basis of referring to the "procedure of isolation and Culture of Legionella in Environmental Water" published by CDC of the United States of America in 2005, according to the microbial characteristics of Legionella and its survival ability, the corresponding water samples were pretreated before inoculation. 44 water samples were collected from 8 parks in Guangzhou from August to November 2006. The presence of Legionella in surface environmental water in Guangzhou was investigated by sampling city. The results showed that Legionella was detected in 8 parks. The positive rate was 61.36%. For the first 108 strains of Legionella, 31 strains of different strains were obtained by AFLP homology analysis. By biochemical reaction, serological identification and 16s rRNA sequencing, the strains of Legionella pneumophila L. pneumophila)20, Legionella Oaks L. oakridgensis)1, Legionella St. Helene L. sainthelensi)1, Legionella long Beach L. longbeachae)4 were identified. Legionella fernesii L. feeleii 5 strains. According to the draft of AFLP typing of Legionella pneumophila published by EWGLI, the molecular typing of 41 strains of Legionella pneumophila in Jinyu Medical Laboratory Center of Guangzhou was carried out. The results showed that there were 31 AFLP types of Legionella pneumophila. Ten of them were comparable to AFLP genotyping in EWGLI database. It can be seen that the use of standardized AFLP technology is beneficial to the exchange of data among laboratories, and the results of molecular epidemiology investigation are more effective and reliable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R378

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