本文選題：益生菌 + 乳酸菌��； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 目的 從正常人腸道糞便中分離的潛在目的菌中篩選出有降膽固醇能力的菌株,并進(jìn)行鑒定。 方法 通過改良的膽固醇MRS培養(yǎng)基作為篩選模型進(jìn)行目的菌的篩選,并對降膽固醇能力較好的菌株進(jìn)行初步鑒定。 結(jié)果 經(jīng)過初篩和復(fù)篩,篩選出4株降膽固醇能力在30%以上的菌株,降解率分別為M7-544.7%,M2-134.2%,M10-2-8 32.5%,MM1-16為32.4%；將M7-5和M2-1進(jìn)行鑒定,M7-5為發(fā)酵乳酸桿菌,M2-1為植物乳酸桿菌。 結(jié)論 菌株M7-5和M2-1在體外有較強(qiáng)的降膽固醇能力,經(jīng)鑒定分別為發(fā)酵乳桿菌及植物乳桿菌,有待于將其應(yīng)用于動物體內(nèi)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究。 目的 觀察2株乳酸桿菌對高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)的SD大鼠膽固醇代謝的影響,評價其對高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)的SD大鼠降膽固醇作用的有效性和安全性,從而為篩選到有利于人體降膽醇的功能菌提供依據(jù)。 方法 40只SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為4組,K組喂養(yǎng)普通飼料,E、F、I組喂養(yǎng)改良高脂飼料,同時以2株乳酸菌干預(yù),E組是M2-1,F組是M7-5。I組不加益生菌,為高脂模型組,6周末處死大鼠,檢測大鼠血脂指標(biāo),血清總膽葉酸、肝脂質(zhì)、糞脂質(zhì),體重增加量,Lee指數(shù),肝組織病理學(xué)檢查及血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶等指標(biāo)。 結(jié)果 l、高脂模型組血清TC、TG、LDL-C較正常對照組比均升高(P0.05),差異有顯著性,乳酸菌E組和F組比高脂模型組下降,以F組效果最好,差異有顯著性。 2、第4周和第6周,高脂模型組血膽汁酸與正常對照組比升高,但無顯著性差異,益生菌E組較高脂模型組下隆,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 3、糞膽汁酸和膽固醇高脂模型組升高,與正常對照組比,P0.05,差異有顯著性；乳酸菌E組的膽汁酸和F組的膽固醇均升高,分別與高脂模型組及正常對照組比較,P0.05,差異有顯著性。 4、高脂模型組Lee's指數(shù)比正常對照組高,P0.05,差異有顯著性；乳酸菌E組和F組均比高脂模型組低,比正常組高,尤其在第6周,F組與高脂模型組比差異有顯著性(P0.05)。 5、高脂模型組及乳酸菌E組和F組,每周體重增加量較正常對照組高,有顯著性差異；第6周乳酸菌F組體重增加量下降,比高脂模型組降低,差異有顯著性。 6、肝病理檢查HE染色高脂模型組肝脂肪變性較明顯,與正常對照組比有顯著性差異而乳酸菌E組和F組不明顯,與正常對照組無差異。 7、高脂模型組血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高,但分別與其他各組比較無顯著性差異。 結(jié)論 1、改良高脂飲食配方連續(xù)喂養(yǎng)SD大鼠6周,可以成功造出高脂固醇血癥模型。 2、對兩株乳桿菌M7-5和M2-1對SD大鼠高脂血癥模型有降膽固醇作用,以M7-5效果更好。 3兩株乳酸菌可能的降脂機(jī)制是減少了肝脂質(zhì)沉積和增加了糞脂的排泄,它們的機(jī)制可能不完全相同,前者以增加糞膽固醇的排泄為主,而后者則以增加糞膽汁酸的排出為主。 目的 探討兩株乳酸菌影響SD大鼠飲食性高脂血癥脂質(zhì)代謝的可能機(jī)制 方法 實(shí)驗動物、分組、建模和干預(yù)方法同第2章,第6周末處死大鼠,留取各組肝臟及回腸粘膜上皮標(biāo)本,用實(shí)時熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測肝臟孤核受體FXR及細(xì)胞表面受體ABCA1和ABCG5基因mRNA的表達(dá),檢測回腸粘膜上皮組織LXRa、ABCA1和ABCG5基因mRNA的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 1、高脂模型組,肝組織FXR受體及LXRα受體,回腸粘膜上皮組織LXRα、ABCA1及ABCG5受體與正常對照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),而肝組織ABCG5表達(dá)無明顯上調(diào)。 2、乳酸菌E組(植物乳肝菌M2-1)肝組織FXR表達(dá)與高脂模型組相比顯著下調(diào),LXRα則顯著上調(diào),回腸粘腸上皮組織細(xì)胞表面受體ABCG5上調(diào)(P0.05)。 3、乳酸菌F組(發(fā)酵乳桿菌M7-5)肝組織孤核受體FXR與高脂模型組比表達(dá)下調(diào),肝組織LXRα、ABCG5,回腸粘膜上皮組織LXRα、ABCA1、ABCG5與高脂膜型組相比均上調(diào),有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 結(jié)論 1、發(fā)酵乳桿菌M7-5和植物乳桿菌M2-1可降低高脂飲食喂養(yǎng)的SD大鼠血清膽固醇。 2、發(fā)酵乳桿菌M7-5和植物乳桿菌M2-1作用靶點(diǎn)可能涉及了肝組織和回腸粘膜的某些受體。前者抑制肝臟FXR的表達(dá),可能上調(diào)肝、腸粘膜組織LXR2、ABCA1、ABCG5的表達(dá),降膽固醇作用主要以增加體內(nèi)膽固醇的排泄為主。后者則顯著抑制肝組織FXR的表達(dá),上調(diào)肝組織LXRa回腸粘膜上皮組織ABCG5的表達(dá),其降膽固醇作用主要在于增加體內(nèi)膽汁酸的合成,加速膽汁酸的排泄為主。
[Abstract]:objective
A cholesterol lowering strain was screened from the potential bacteria isolated from the feces of normal people and identified.
Method
The improved cholesterol MRS medium was used as a screening model to screen the target bacteria, and the strains with good cholesterol lowering ability were primarily identified.
Result
After screening and screening, 4 strains of cholesterol lowering ability were screened over 30%. The degradation rates were M7-544.7%, M2-134.2%, M10-2-8 32.5% and MM1-16 32.4%, M7-5 and M2-1 were identified, M7-5 was lactobacillus fermented and M2-1 was Lactobacillus.
conclusion
Strain M7-5 and M2-1 have a strong ability to reduce cholesterol in vitro. They are identified as Lactobacillus fermenting and Lactobacillus plantarum, which need to be further studied in animals.
objective
The effect of 2 lactobacilli on the cholesterol metabolism of SD rats fed by high fat diet was observed, and the efficacy and safety of the cholesterol lowering effect on SD rats fed by high fat diet were evaluated.
Method
40 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group K was fed with common feed, E, F, and I group were fed with improved high fat diet, while 2 strains of lactic acid bacteria were fed, group E was M2-1, group F was M7-5.I group without probiotics, high fat model group, and rats were killed at the end of 6 weeks. The blood lipid index, serum total gallic acid, liver lipid, fecal lipid, weight gain, Lee index, liver tissue were detected. Pathological examination and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase.
Result
L, the serum level of TC, TG and LDL-C in the high fat model group was higher than that of the normal control group (P0.05). The difference was significant. The E and F groups of lactic acid bacteria and F group were lower than those of the high fat model group. The effect of F group was the best, the difference was significant.
In the 2, fourth and sixth weeks, the blood bile acid in the high fat model group was higher than that in the normal control group, but there was no significant difference. The higher lipid model group in the probiotic E group had a significant difference.
3, the fecal bile acid and the cholesterol high fat model group increased, compared with the normal control group, P0.05, the difference was significant, the cholesterol of the E group of lactic acid bacteria and the cholesterol in the F group increased, respectively, compared with the high fat model group and the normal control group, respectively, the difference was significant.
4, the Lee's index in the high fat model group was higher than that in the normal control group, and the difference was significantly higher than that of the normal control group. The E group and the F group of lactic acid bacteria were lower than the high fat model group and higher than those of the normal group. Especially in the sixth weeks, the difference between the F group and the high fat model group was significantly higher than that of the F group (P0.05).
5, the weight gain of the high fat model group and the E group and the F group was higher than that of the normal control group, and there was a significant difference. The weight gain decreased in the group F of lactic acid bacteria in sixth weeks, which was significantly lower than that in the high fat model group.
6, liver pathology examination HE staining high fat model group liver fatty degeneration is more obvious, compared with the normal control group, there is significant difference, but the lactic acid bacteria group E and F group is not obvious, and no difference with the normal control group.
7, serum alanine aminotransferase increased in the high fat group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups.
conclusion
1, the high fat diet formula can be used to continuously produce SD rats for 6 weeks, and the hyperlipidemic model can be successfully produced.
2, two strains of Lactobacillus M7-5 and M2-1 have a cholesterol lowering effect on the hyperlipidemia model of SD rats, with a better M7-5 effect.
3 the possible mechanism of lipid lowering in two strains of lactic acid bacteria is to reduce the liver lipid deposition and increase excretion of fecal fat. Their mechanisms may not be the same. The former mainly increases excretion of fecal cholesterol, while the latter mainly increases excretion of fecal bile acid.
objective
The possible mechanism of two strains of lactic acid bacteria affecting lipid metabolism in SD rats with diet induced hyperlipidemia
Method
Experimental animals, groups, modeling and intervention methods were killed in second chapters and sixth weekends. The liver and ileum mucosa epithelial specimens were left in each group. The expression of FXR of the liver nucleus receptor and the expression of mRNA of the cell surface receptor ABCA1 and ABCG5 gene were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the expression of LXRa, ABCA1 and ABCG5 gene mRNA in the intestinal mucosa of the ileum was detected.
Result
1, high fat model group, FXR receptor and LXR alpha receptor in liver tissue, LXR alpha, ABCA1 and ABCG5 receptor in ileum mucosa were significantly different from those of normal control group (P0.05), but the expression of ABCG5 in liver tissue was not significantly up.
2, the expression of FXR in the group of lactic acid bacteria E (M2-1) was significantly lower than that in the high fat model group, while the LXR alpha was up significantly up, and the cell surface receptor ABCG5 of the intestinal mucosa was up regulated (P0.05).
3, lactic acid bacteria F group (Lactobacillus fermented M7-5) liver tissue nucleus receptor FXR and high fat model group down down expression, the liver tissue LXR alpha, ABCG5, the ileum mucosa epithelial tissue LXR alpha, ABCA1, ABCG5 and higher fat membrane group up up, there is statistical significance (P0.05).
conclusion
1, Lactobacillus fermentum M7-5 and Lactobacillus plantarum M2-1 can reduce the serum cholesterol of SD rats fed with high-fat diet.
2, the target of Lactobacillus fermented M7-5 and Lactobacillus plantarum M2-1 may involve some receptors in the liver and ileum mucosa. The former inhibits the expression of FXR in the liver, may up-regulation the expression of LXR2, ABCA1, and ABCG5 in the liver and intestinal mucosa, and the main cholesterol lowering effect is mainly to increase the excretion of cholesterol in the body. The latter significantly inhibits the FXR in the liver tissue. Expression, up regulation of the expression of ABCG5 in the epithelial tissue of the LXRa ileum of the liver. Its cholesterol lowering effect is mainly to increase the synthesis of bile acids in the body and to accelerate the excretion of bile acids.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R371

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