本文選題：神經(jīng)元 + 動(dòng)作電位��； 參考：《南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的放電活動(dòng)主要表現(xiàn)為神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生和傳輸動(dòng)作電位脈沖的過(guò)程,神經(jīng)信息編碼是通過(guò)神經(jīng)元放電脈沖的時(shí)間節(jié)律來(lái)反映的。目前以MP模型為基礎(chǔ)的神經(jīng)元模型,僅模仿神經(jīng)元有無(wú)輸出,而對(duì)最重要的什么時(shí)候產(chǎn)生動(dòng)作電位并沒(méi)有解釋。本研究的目的是通過(guò)建立神經(jīng)元放電數(shù)學(xué)模型,解釋神經(jīng)元是如何以產(chǎn)生動(dòng)作電位的時(shí)間序列編碼輸入信息,并將模型應(yīng)用在聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞的信息傳遞中,在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上探討了聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞的頻率整合作用。 本研究回顧了神經(jīng)生物學(xué)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)生理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),對(duì)神經(jīng)元放電模型進(jìn)行了分類,并分析以往神經(jīng)元放電模型的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),為更好的研究生物神經(jīng)元信息處理機(jī)制做理論鋪墊。 在分析神經(jīng)元放電機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了神經(jīng)元放電數(shù)學(xué)模型,在Matlab7.0.1平臺(tái)上分別從單通道和八通道進(jìn)行仿真,得到系列動(dòng)作電位,結(jié)果顯示所模擬的動(dòng)作電位密度分布與生理實(shí)驗(yàn)所采集的數(shù)據(jù)能較好吻合,驗(yàn)證了神經(jīng)元以動(dòng)作電位的時(shí)間特性來(lái)編碼輸入信息的特征。 最后介紹了耳蝸基底膜的振動(dòng)方式以及行波理論,并通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞頻率整合的特點(diǎn)：1、聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞頻率整合過(guò)程中的延時(shí)反應(yīng)特性具有放大信號(hào)和消除噪聲的作用；濾波器的階數(shù)變化影響濾波器延時(shí)時(shí)間,并隨濾波器階數(shù)的增加而變長(zhǎng)。不同輸入信號(hào)頻率、濾波器的采樣頻率和中心頻率對(duì)其沒(méi)有影響,這表明聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞頻率整合過(guò)程中的延時(shí)反應(yīng)與濾波器的固有特性沒(méi)有關(guān)系,是聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞頻率整合過(guò)程中所特有的。2、濾波后信號(hào)最大幅值出現(xiàn)的位置,與輸入信號(hào)的頻率以及通道的中心頻率有關(guān),驗(yàn)證了生理學(xué)上蝸底對(duì)高頻聲音進(jìn)行編碼,蝸?lái)攲?duì)低頻聲音進(jìn)行編碼特性。3、當(dāng)對(duì)不同通道的濾波器進(jìn)行權(quán)重設(shè)置,整合后能變化其中心頻率,這使得神經(jīng)元傳送信息變得多樣化。 本研究為基于數(shù)理模型的神經(jīng)中樞工作機(jī)制研究、以及模糊理論的研究和應(yīng)用提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:The firing activity of the nervous system is mainly the process of producing and transmitting action potential pulses, and the neural information coding is reflected by the time rhythm of the firing pulses of the neurons. At present, the neuron model based on MP model only imitates whether the neuron has output or not, but does not explain when the most important action potential is generated. The purpose of this study is to establish a mathematical model of neuronal discharge, to explain how neurons encode input information in time series of action potential generation, and to apply the model to the transmission of information in auditory center. On this basis, the frequency integration of auditory center is discussed. In this study, the basic knowledge of neurobiology and auditory physiology was reviewed, and the neural discharge models were classified, and the advantages and disadvantages of the previous models were analyzed, which paved the way for better research on the mechanism of biological neuron information processing. On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of neuronal discharge, a mathematical model of neuronal discharge is proposed. A series of action potentials are obtained by simulation on Matlab7.0.1 platform from single channel and eight channels, respectively. The results show that the simulated action potential density distribution is in good agreement with the data collected from physiological experiments, which verifies the characteristics of neurons encoding input information by the time characteristics of action potential. Finally, the vibration mode and traveling wave theory of the basal membrane of cochlea are introduced. It is proved by computer simulation experiment that the characteristic of frequency integration of auditory center is: 1, the delay response characteristic in the process of frequency integration of auditory center has the function of amplifying signal and eliminating noise, the change of filter order affects the delay time of filter, And it becomes longer with the increase of filter order. The sampling frequency and center frequency of the filter have no effect on the input signal frequency, which indicates that the delay response in the integration of the auditory central frequency is not related to the inherent characteristics of the filter. The location of the maximum amplitude of the filtered signal is related to the frequency of the input signal and the central frequency of the channel, which verifies that the bottom of the cochlea encodes the high-frequency sound on the bottom of the cochlea in physiology. The cochlea top encodes the low-frequency sound. 3. When the filters of different channels are weighted, the central frequency of the cochlea can be changed after integration, which makes the transmission information of neurons become diversified. This study provides a new idea for the study of the work mechanism of neural center based on mathematical model and the research and application of fuzzy theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R338

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