本文選題：客家　切入點(diǎn)：遺傳異質(zhì)性　出處：《暨南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：為了更進(jìn)一步揭示客家群體的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)和探討不同區(qū)域客家群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的差異性，同時(shí)也為了進(jìn)一步理清客家群體與其他民族群體的關(guān)系，從而能夠?yàn)樽匪菘图胰后w的起源和歷史遷移等人口學(xué)事件提供遺傳證據(jù)。 方法：采集125例廣東梅州客家和55例廣東河源客家健康個(gè)體的全血樣本，抽提DNA并建立基因庫。通過直接測序和運(yùn)用限制性片段長度多態(tài)性分析方法對(duì)樣本線粒體DNA高變區(qū)和編碼區(qū)序列進(jìn)行多態(tài)性分析，確認(rèn)每個(gè)樣本線粒體DNA所屬的單倍型類群。結(jié)合先前已發(fā)表的梅州和長汀客家以及相關(guān)群體的遺傳數(shù)據(jù)，通過群體之間的單倍群頻率的比對(duì)和主成分分析來進(jìn)行本次的研究探討。 結(jié)果：不同區(qū)域客家群體的母系遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異，，其中梅州和長汀客家的南方譜系單倍群B、M7、R9總和所占比例較高，全部介于57.4至61.9%之間；而南方譜系單倍群總和在河源客家中所占比例最低，僅為52.7%，但河源客家擁有最高比例的A、D、G等北方譜系單倍群。即使對(duì)同一地區(qū)來源的兩個(gè)梅州群體樣本，在單倍群F、Z、M8a等單倍群上也存在明顯差異。主成分分析圖顯示河源客家與北方漢族群體和苗族的遺傳距離更為接近，而梅州和長汀客家更偏向于于傣族、仫佬族等南方百越起源的群體以及瑤族。 結(jié)論：通過比對(duì)分析四個(gè)區(qū)域客家群體和其他15個(gè)相關(guān)群體的母系遺傳構(gòu)成，發(fā)現(xiàn)客家作為一個(gè)分布如此廣泛的群體，雖然共享著一個(gè)相同的客家文化，但不同區(qū)域客家群體的母系遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)存在遺傳異質(zhì)性。本次研究不僅充實(shí)了中國漢民族群體mtDNA數(shù)據(jù)庫，也為調(diào)查東南亞群體的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)等提供了可靠的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to further reveal the genetic structure of Hakka population and explore the difference of genetic structure of Hakka population in different regions, and to further clarify the relationship between Hakka population and other ethnic groups.It can provide genetic evidence for tracing the origin and historical migration of Hakka population and other demographic events.Methods: the whole blood samples of 125 Hakka and 55 healthy individuals from Meizhou and Heyuan were collected, DNA was extracted and gene bank was established.By direct sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region and coding region, the haplotypes of mitochondrial DNA in each sample were identified.Based on the previously published genetic data of Hakka and related populations in Meizhou and Changting, this study was studied by comparing the frequency of haploidy and principal component analysis among populations.Results: the maternal genetic structure of Hakka population in different regions was different, among which, the sum proportion of the southern haploidy group BHM7H7 R9 in Meizhou and Changting Hakkas was higher, ranging from 57.4% to 61.9%.However, the sum of haploidy in the southern pedigree is the lowest in Heyuan Hakka, which is only 52.7. However, Heyuan Hakka has the highest proportion of the northern haploidy, such as AZD DG, and so on.Even for the samples from two Meizhou populations from the same area, there are obvious differences in haploidy groups such as haploidy group FGZ, M8a and so on.The principal component analysis showed that the genetic distance between Heyuan Hakka and northern Han population and Miao nationality was closer, while Meizhou and Changting Hakkas were more inclined to Dai, Mulao nationality and other southern Baiyue origin groups and Yao nationality.Conclusion: by comparing and analyzing the matriarchal genetic composition of four Hakka populations and 15 other related populations, it is found that Hakka, as a widely distributed population, shares the same Hakka culture.However, the maternal genetic structure of Hakka populations in different regions has genetic heterogeneity.This study not only enriches the mtDNA database of Chinese Han nationality population, but also provides reliable data basis for investigating the genetic structure of Southeast Asian population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R394

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