【摘要】：自改革開(kāi)發(fā)以來(lái)，國(guó)人消費(fèi)理念高速轉(zhuǎn)變，提前消費(fèi)觀念逐漸盛行，個(gè)人住房按揭貸款買(mǎi)房成為國(guó)人購(gòu)房時(shí)首選。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),個(gè)人住房按揭貸款因具有貸款時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，利息收益穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn)，被銀行視為安全性高收益高的銀行業(yè)務(wù)品種之一。參照各國(guó)商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)驗(yàn)，個(gè)人住房按揭貸款從貸款的發(fā)放到出現(xiàn)違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的時(shí)間一般為3年到8年，從我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行個(gè)人住房按揭貸款發(fā)展來(lái)看，正在逐步進(jìn)入違約的高峰期，這也與真實(shí)狀況相符,多數(shù)商業(yè)銀行的個(gè)人住房按揭貸款違約率逐年攀升。不僅如此，在個(gè)人住房按揭貸款業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)展初期，由于商業(yè)銀行的管理粗曠，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)把控不嚴(yán)，預(yù)計(jì)我國(guó)個(gè)人住房按揭貸款的違約率和不良率將持續(xù)上升。 本文重點(diǎn)研究了個(gè)人住房按揭貸款中借款人違約、開(kāi)發(fā)商違約、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境變化所造成的違約、銀行內(nèi)部操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所造成的違約和假按揭所造成的違約五種常見(jiàn)的違約形式，對(duì)其違約原因和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了逐一分析。并以華夏銀行S分行為例，結(jié)合具體實(shí)際案例舉例說(shuō)明，介紹了在防范控制上述違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的具體措施和取得的成效。 本文將采取理論結(jié)合實(shí)際的研究方法撰寫(xiě)，所謂理論指學(xué)習(xí)之前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)個(gè)人住房按揭貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析的重要結(jié)論及華夏銀行S分行對(duì)個(gè)人住房按揭貸款的相關(guān)制度規(guī)定；所謂實(shí)踐就是將理論學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)結(jié)合到華夏銀行S分行個(gè)人住房按揭貸款的實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中去，看看理論是否適合實(shí)踐，能否在實(shí)際工作中發(fā)揮作用。 本文創(chuàng)新之處在于提出銀行是否可以采取多種擔(dān)保組合的方式為借款人辦理個(gè)人住房按揭貸款。如除去所購(gòu)房產(chǎn)抵押之外可否讓第三自然人再次對(duì)此筆貸款進(jìn)行擔(dān)保；或引入擔(dān)保公司進(jìn)行擔(dān)保；或引入保險(xiǎn)公司違約進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)，，上述擔(dān)保方式選擇2種或2種以上組合對(duì)一筆個(gè)人住房按揭貸款進(jìn)行擔(dān)保。 最后本文提出，傳統(tǒng)的、單一的擔(dān)保方式不足以對(duì)抗個(gè)人住房按揭貸款中的多種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，提出第三自然人全程保證擔(dān)保、擔(dān)保公司全程擔(dān)保、購(gòu)買(mǎi)個(gè)人住房按揭貸款違約保險(xiǎn)三種新的擔(dān)保形式，并建議采取多種擔(dān)保方式為一筆個(gè)人住房按揭貸款提供擔(dān)保。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and development, people's consumption concept has changed rapidly, the concept of consumption in advance has gradually prevailed, and personal housing mortgage loans have become the first choice when people buy houses. For a long time, individual housing mortgage loan is regarded as one of the kinds of high security and high income banking business by banks because of its long loan time and stable interest income. Referring to the experience of commercial banks in various countries, the time between the issuance of personal housing mortgage loans and the risk of default is generally three to eight years. From the perspective of the development of individual housing mortgage loans of commercial banks in China, they are gradually entering the peak period of default. This is in line with the real situation, with most commercial banks' default rates on individual home mortgages rising year by year. Moreover, in the early stage of individual housing mortgage loan business, due to the rough management of commercial banks, the risk control is not strict, it is expected that the default rate and the bad rate of personal housing mortgage loan will continue to rise in our country. This paper focuses on five common default forms: borrower default, developer default, default caused by the change of macroeconomic environment, default caused by internal operational risk of bank and default caused by false mortgage. The reasons and characteristics of breach of contract are analyzed one by one. Taking the S branch of Huaxia Bank as an example, the paper introduces the concrete measures and achievements in preventing and controlling the risk of breach of contract. This article will adopt the theory and the actual research method to write, the so-called theory refers to the domestic and foreign before the study to the individual housing mortgage loan risk analysis important conclusion and the Huaxia bank S branch to the individual housing mortgage loan related system stipulation; The so-called practice is to combine the knowledge of theoretical study into the actual business of individual housing mortgage loan in S branch of Huaxia Bank to see if the theory is suitable for practice and whether it can play a role in practical work. The innovation of this paper is whether banks can handle individual housing mortgage loans for borrowers in the form of multiple guarantee combinations. If it is possible to allow the third natural person to guarantee the loan again, in addition to the mortgage on the property purchased; or to introduce a guarantee company to guarantee the loan; or to introduce the insurance company in breach of contract to insure the loan, Two or more combinations are chosen to guarantee a personal housing mortgage loan. Finally, this paper puts forward that the traditional, single guarantee method is not enough to resist the multiple risks in the personal housing mortgage loan, and the third natural person guarantee, the guarantee company guarantee the whole process, Three new forms of guarantee for personal mortgage loan default insurance are proposed and a variety of guarantees should be adopted to guarantee a single individual housing mortgage loan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.479

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