發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 09:43

【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展初期農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為工業(yè)建設(shè)提供了大量的資金支持，但是隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高，城鄉(xiāng)差距也越來越大，由此“三農(nóng)”問題得到黨中央和國務(wù)院的重視，也得到眾多學(xué)者的關(guān)注和研究。有效促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)增產(chǎn)、農(nóng)民增收，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展成為當(dāng)前農(nóng)村工作的重點，而農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化、規(guī)�；褪袌龌母飫t成為地方政府尋求傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的方向之一，農(nóng)村金融市場對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的資金支持問題則是許多學(xué)者關(guān)注的焦點所在，因為經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展必然需要大量資金的支持。此外，農(nóng)村信用社、郵政儲蓄等正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)長期以來從農(nóng)村地區(qū)吸收了大量的存款資金，而其對農(nóng)戶發(fā)放貸款的比例卻很小，使得農(nóng)村地區(qū)存在嚴(yán)重的正規(guī)金融信貸配給現(xiàn)象，這對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而言無疑是一個巨大的障礙。在此背景下，本文選擇陜西關(guān)中農(nóng)戶正規(guī)金融信貸配給現(xiàn)象作為研究對象，希望能更為細(xì)致的了解地方信貸配給程度及其影響因素，進(jìn)而提出更有針對性的政策建議，以期對緩解農(nóng)戶信貸配給程度起到一定的幫助，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的良好發(fā)展。 本文通過學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒國內(nèi)外信貸配給的相關(guān)理論和實證研究，對研究所涉及的農(nóng)戶信貸配給的概念、正規(guī)金融信貸需求和配給的識別機制以及評價體系進(jìn)行了具體的定義。鑒于雙變量Probit模型比單變量Probit或是Logistic模型對信貸配給程度和影響因素的估計效率更高（朱喜和李子奈2006；胡新杰和趙波2013），本文在對關(guān)中地區(qū)大力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)�；彤a(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的楊凌、閻良和蒲城三個區(qū)縣的五百余戶農(nóng)戶調(diào)研所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了描述性分析之后，運用雙變量Probit模型對農(nóng)戶的正規(guī)金融信貸配給程度和影響因素進(jìn)行了估計檢驗，最后根據(jù)實證結(jié)果提出了相應(yīng)的對策建議。 本文研究得出的結(jié)論有：（1）關(guān)中地區(qū)農(nóng)戶對正規(guī)信貸有較高的需求，但是卻很難得到正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)的貸款，所遭受的正規(guī)金融信貸配給程度高達(dá)88.04%；（2）戶主性別、家庭耕地面積、家庭勞動力負(fù)擔(dān)率、家庭年支出等對農(nóng)戶正規(guī)金融信貸需求呈現(xiàn)正向顯著影響；（3）戶主文化程度、家庭成員組成、家庭年收入、是否參加“公司+農(nóng)戶”組織以及是否在正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)有存款對農(nóng)戶正規(guī)金融信貸需求呈現(xiàn)負(fù)向顯著影響；（4）戶主文化程度、家庭成員組成、家庭年收入和是否在正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)有存款對正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)貸款的供給呈現(xiàn)正向顯著影響；（5）家庭耕地面積和家庭勞動力負(fù)擔(dān)率對正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)貸款的供給呈現(xiàn)負(fù)向顯著影響；（6）戶主年齡、各類收入所占比例、生產(chǎn)性支出比例、是否參加農(nóng)民合作組織、、小額信貸了解程度、貸款信息了解途徑、村內(nèi)金融網(wǎng)點數(shù)量、農(nóng)戶家庭距最近金融網(wǎng)點的距離等因素則對農(nóng)戶正規(guī)金融信貸需求或是正規(guī)金融機構(gòu)貸款發(fā)放決策均沒有顯著影響。針對研究所得結(jié)論，本文從以下幾個方面提出了一些可能的解決方案，希望能為政府決策和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有所貢獻(xiàn)：一是促進(jìn)農(nóng)村金融市場多元競爭格局的形成，緩解正規(guī)金融信貸配給程度；二是加強農(nóng)戶信用信息共享平臺的建設(shè)，改善信息嚴(yán)重不對稱現(xiàn)狀；三是分散信貸違約風(fēng)險壓力，多途徑?jīng)_抵農(nóng)業(yè)貸款的高風(fēng)險；四是提高農(nóng)戶文化教育程度，加大政府財政對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)營銷設(shè)施建設(shè)的投入。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production in the early stage of China's economic development has provided a large amount of financial support for industrial construction, but with the improvement of economic level, the gap between urban and rural areas has become wider and wider. Therefore, the issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has attracted the attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and has also attracted the attention and research of many scholars. The healthy and sustainable development of economy has become the focus of the current rural work, while the modernization, scale and market-oriented reform of agriculture has become one of the directions for local governments to seek the transformation of traditional agriculture. The financial support of rural financial market for rural economic development is the focus of many scholars, because economic development is inevitable. In addition, the rural credit cooperatives, postal savings and other formal financial institutions have long absorbed a large amount of deposit funds from rural areas, but the proportion of loans granted to farmers is very small, making serious formal financial credit rationing in rural areas, which is undoubtedly a phenomenon for the development of rural economy. Under this background, this paper chooses the phenomenon of formal financial credit rationing of farmers in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province as the research object, hoping to understand the degree of local credit rationing and its influencing factors more carefully, and then put forward more targeted policy recommendations, in order to alleviate the degree of credit rationing of farmers and promote agriculture. The good development of village economy.
This paper defines the concept of farmer credit rationing, the identification mechanism of formal financial credit demand and rationing, and the evaluation system by studying and referring to the relevant theories and empirical studies at home and abroad. Estimation of degree and influencing factors is more efficient (Zhu Xi and Li Zinai 2006; Hu Xinjie and Zhao Bo 2013). After descriptive analysis of 500 households in Yangling, Yanliang and Pucheng counties, which have vigorously promoted the development of agricultural scale and industrialization in Guanzhong region, the bivariate Probit model is used to analyze the data. The degree and influencing factors of farmers'regular financial credit rationing are estimated and tested, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the empirical results.
The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Farmers in Guanzhong area have a higher demand for formal credit, but it is difficult to get loans from formal financial institutions, and the degree of formal financial credit rationing is as high as 88.04%; (2) Gender of household head, farmland area of household, burden rate of household labor, annual expenditure of household and so on. Demand has a positive and significant impact; (3) The educational level of household head, the composition of family members, the annual income of the family, whether to join the "company + farmer" organization and whether to deposit in the formal financial institutions have a negative and significant impact on the demand for formal financial credit of farmers; (4) The educational level of household head, the composition of family members, the annual income of the family and whether or not to participate in the "company + farmer" organization; (4) Whether the household head Deposits in formal financial institutions have a positive and significant impact on the supply of loans to formal financial institutions; (5) Family cultivated land area and household labor burden rate have a negative and significant impact on the supply of loans to formal financial institutions; (6) The age of head of household, the proportion of various income, the proportion of productive expenditure, whether to participate in farmers'cooperative organizations, small The degree of understanding of credit, the way of understanding loan information, the number of financial network points in the village and the distance between the households and the nearest financial network have no significant impact on the demand of formal financial credit or the decision-making of loans issued by formal financial institutions. Solutions are expected to contribute to government decision-making and rural economic development: first, to promote the formation of a pluralistic competition pattern in rural financial markets and alleviate the degree of formal financial credit rationing; second, to strengthen the construction of farmers'credit information sharing platform to improve the serious information asymmetry; third, to decentralize the pressure of credit default risk, and more. Fourthly, we should improve farmers'educational level and increase government financial investment in the construction of agricultural production and marketing facilities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.43

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