A農(nóng)商行小企業(yè)貸款風險管理研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 11:10
【摘要】：近年來國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行和外資銀行迅速以增設(shè)分行和網(wǎng)點的形式擴張，各家銀行產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新能力和服務(wù)水平都在迅速提高，銀行間的競爭日趨激烈，傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)如以存貸款利差賺取利潤的模式已經(jīng)無法滿足商業(yè)銀行的利潤增長需求。在對公業(yè)務(wù)上，由于大中型企業(yè)的數(shù)量少、競爭壓力大，商業(yè)銀行很難在其信貸業(yè)務(wù)上有很大突破。小企業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展和國家穩(wěn)定的重要力量，且小企業(yè)占據(jù)整個市場經(jīng)濟的絕大部分，因此越來越多的商業(yè)銀行將目光鎖定發(fā)展前景看好的小企業(yè)，并將發(fā)展小企業(yè)金融服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)作為銀行轉(zhuǎn)型的契機，，很多銀行還設(shè)立了專門為小企業(yè)提供金融服務(wù)專營中心。但是小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)卻并沒有由此快速發(fā)展起來。究其原因，一方面是由于小企業(yè)自身條件天生的有限性，另一方面是因為銀行在開展小企業(yè)信貸業(yè)務(wù)在政策和制度上局限性。但是小企業(yè)擔保物不足、經(jīng)營風險大等自身不足是小企業(yè)與生具有的，不可改變的，所以可以說限制小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵性問題是商業(yè)銀行本身對小企業(yè)貸款風險管理模式的落后，在對小企業(yè)進行貸款準入、審批審查、貸后風險控制等各個環(huán)節(jié)沒有采取真正合適的、科學有效的風險管理方法。很多銀行仍采用大中型企業(yè)的信貸風險管理模式，在推進小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)上表現(xiàn)的相對保守，以至于無法解決那些有融資需求的小企業(yè)融資難問題，也導致商業(yè)銀行在拓展小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)上進展緩慢。 本文選擇A農(nóng)商行為研究案例的主要原因是在競爭日益激烈的金融環(huán)境下，大型商業(yè)銀行在爭奪大中型企業(yè)中占有絕對的優(yōu)勢，中小銀行尤其是地方農(nóng)商行受其規(guī)模和資金的限制，無法為大中型企業(yè)提供高質(zhì)量的金融服務(wù)。但由于其地方優(yōu)勢和小銀行優(yōu)勢，地方農(nóng)商行能在低成本下為小企業(yè)提供快捷經(jīng)濟的金融服務(wù)。本文首先介紹了國內(nèi)外對小企業(yè)貸款的一些理論知識，然后對小企業(yè)及小企業(yè)貸款風險特征進行分析，并通過理論分析小企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)對中小銀行的重要性以引申出A農(nóng)商行在選擇發(fā)展小企業(yè)的必要性。正文部分主要是為A農(nóng)商行為例，在介紹其發(fā)展歷史及轉(zhuǎn)型背景的基礎(chǔ)上，首先敘述其在小企業(yè)貸款中在貸前調(diào)查、貸中審查審批及貸后風險控制上所采取風險防控手段，然后詳細指出其在小企業(yè)貸款風險管理上存在著全行風險控制環(huán)境上不足、小企業(yè)信用等級評級上、貸后風險管理的不足之處并給出了方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, domestic commercial banks and foreign banks have expanded rapidly in the form of additional branches and branches. The product innovation ability and service level of each bank are improving rapidly, and the competition among banks is becoming increasingly fierce. Traditional business such as deposit and loan spreads to earn profits has been unable to meet the commercial banks' profit growth demand. Because of the small number of large and medium-sized enterprises and the great pressure of competition, it is difficult for commercial banks to make great breakthrough in their credit business. Small enterprises are an important force in the sustainable development of our national economy and national stability, and small enterprises occupy the vast majority of the market economy. Therefore, more and more commercial banks will focus on the small enterprises with promising development prospects. And the development of small business financial services business as the opportunity for banking transformation, many banks have also set up special financial services for small enterprises to provide exclusive centers. But small business has not developed rapidly. On the one hand, it is due to the inherent limitation of the small enterprises' own conditions, and on the other hand, the banks' policy and institutional limitations in carrying out the small enterprise credit business. However, the lack of collateral for small enterprises and their own shortcomings, such as the high risk of operation, are the things that small enterprises and students have, which cannot be changed. Therefore, it can be said that the key problem in restricting the development of small business loan business is that the commercial banks themselves lag behind in the risk management mode of loans for small enterprises. They are conducting loan access and examination and approval for small enterprises. After loan risk control and other links did not adopt a truly appropriate, scientific and effective risk management methods. Many banks are still using the credit risk management model of large and medium-sized enterprises, and they are so conservative in promoting the loan business of small enterprises that they cannot solve the financing problems of small enterprises with financing needs. It has also led to slow progress by commercial banks in expanding their small business lending business. In this paper, the main reason for choosing A agribusiness as a case study is that under the increasingly competitive financial environment, large commercial banks have absolute advantages in competing for large and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized banks, especially local agribusiness banks, are unable to provide high quality financial services to large and medium-sized enterprises due to their size and capital constraints. But because of their local advantages and the advantages of small banks, local agribusiness firms can provide fast and economical financial services to small businesses at low cost. This paper first introduces some theoretical knowledge of small business loans at home and abroad, and then analyzes the risk characteristics of small enterprises and small enterprises. Through the theoretical analysis of the importance of small business to small and medium-sized banks, the necessity of selecting and developing small enterprises is deduced. The main body part is mainly for A agricultural firm as an example, on the basis of introducing its development history and transformation background, it first describes the means of risk prevention and control adopted by it in the loan of small enterprises before the loan, examination and approval in the loan and risk control after the loan. Then it points out in detail that there are shortcomings in the risk control environment of the whole bank in the small enterprise loan risk management, and the shortcomings in the credit rating and post-loan risk management of the small enterprise and gives the scheme.
【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.4
本文編號：2143643
[Abstract]:In recent years, domestic commercial banks and foreign banks have expanded rapidly in the form of additional branches and branches. The product innovation ability and service level of each bank are improving rapidly, and the competition among banks is becoming increasingly fierce. Traditional business such as deposit and loan spreads to earn profits has been unable to meet the commercial banks' profit growth demand. Because of the small number of large and medium-sized enterprises and the great pressure of competition, it is difficult for commercial banks to make great breakthrough in their credit business. Small enterprises are an important force in the sustainable development of our national economy and national stability, and small enterprises occupy the vast majority of the market economy. Therefore, more and more commercial banks will focus on the small enterprises with promising development prospects. And the development of small business financial services business as the opportunity for banking transformation, many banks have also set up special financial services for small enterprises to provide exclusive centers. But small business has not developed rapidly. On the one hand, it is due to the inherent limitation of the small enterprises' own conditions, and on the other hand, the banks' policy and institutional limitations in carrying out the small enterprise credit business. However, the lack of collateral for small enterprises and their own shortcomings, such as the high risk of operation, are the things that small enterprises and students have, which cannot be changed. Therefore, it can be said that the key problem in restricting the development of small business loan business is that the commercial banks themselves lag behind in the risk management mode of loans for small enterprises. They are conducting loan access and examination and approval for small enterprises. After loan risk control and other links did not adopt a truly appropriate, scientific and effective risk management methods. Many banks are still using the credit risk management model of large and medium-sized enterprises, and they are so conservative in promoting the loan business of small enterprises that they cannot solve the financing problems of small enterprises with financing needs. It has also led to slow progress by commercial banks in expanding their small business lending business. In this paper, the main reason for choosing A agribusiness as a case study is that under the increasingly competitive financial environment, large commercial banks have absolute advantages in competing for large and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized banks, especially local agribusiness banks, are unable to provide high quality financial services to large and medium-sized enterprises due to their size and capital constraints. But because of their local advantages and the advantages of small banks, local agribusiness firms can provide fast and economical financial services to small businesses at low cost. This paper first introduces some theoretical knowledge of small business loans at home and abroad, and then analyzes the risk characteristics of small enterprises and small enterprises. Through the theoretical analysis of the importance of small business to small and medium-sized banks, the necessity of selecting and developing small enterprises is deduced. The main body part is mainly for A agricultural firm as an example, on the basis of introducing its development history and transformation background, it first describes the means of risk prevention and control adopted by it in the loan of small enterprises before the loan, examination and approval in the loan and risk control after the loan. Then it points out in detail that there are shortcomings in the risk control environment of the whole bank in the small enterprise loan risk management, and the shortcomings in the credit rating and post-loan risk management of the small enterprise and gives the scheme.
【學位授予單位】：暨南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.4
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