【摘要】：當(dāng)前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展已經(jīng)進(jìn)入新常態(tài),主要特點(diǎn)是增長(zhǎng)速度從高速降低到中高速,發(fā)展方式從規(guī)模速度型轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘|(zhì)量效率型,發(fā)展動(dòng)力要從主要依靠資源和低成本勞動(dòng)力等要素投入升級(jí)為創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不會(huì)也不能再回到原先粗放的發(fā)展模式,而是通過(guò)全面深化改革推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,從增量擴(kuò)能為主轉(zhuǎn)向調(diào)整存量、做優(yōu)增量并舉,同時(shí)通過(guò)改善民生以及環(huán)境保護(hù)和綜合治理,來(lái)倒逼產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正在向形態(tài)更高級(jí)、分工更優(yōu)化、結(jié)構(gòu)更合理和對(duì)外更開放的階段演變,但是想要實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣廣泛而深刻的變化十分困難,而在這一過(guò)程中,對(duì)于中國(guó)的商業(yè)銀行來(lái)說(shuō)同樣面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇。經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)下,中國(guó)乃至世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩、需求減少,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)將使得許多企業(yè)生存困難,日益增大的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將加重銀行不良資產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),近幾年中國(guó)的商業(yè)銀行不良率不斷攀升就是預(yù)警信號(hào)。同時(shí)中國(guó)將深化金融體制改革,建立健全多層次資本市場(chǎng)體系,上市企業(yè)、國(guó)有企業(yè)及中大型優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)將由原先的商業(yè)銀行間接融資為主轉(zhuǎn)由直接融資為主,中國(guó)的商業(yè)銀行正在失去傳統(tǒng)的主要信貸市場(chǎng)；利率市場(chǎng)化的推進(jìn)使得商業(yè)銀行的凈息差縮小,同業(yè)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融等新業(yè)態(tài)的挑戰(zhàn)將使商業(yè)銀行的信貸業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展面臨巨大困難。本文通過(guò)分析中國(guó)商業(yè)銀行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀,認(rèn)為其存在著行業(yè)及客戶集中度仍然較高,信貸業(yè)務(wù)仍然以公司貸款為主,產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化及創(chuàng)新不足等問(wèn)題,因此商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)該按照經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)律和自身發(fā)展要求,站在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的角度制定信貸結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整及業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展的政策,建立動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整信貸結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制,從行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、客戶結(jié)構(gòu)、信貸品種等多個(gè)方面進(jìn)行信貸結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,在防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,最大限度地發(fā)揮商業(yè)銀行專業(yè)能力,不斷創(chuàng)新金融產(chǎn)品,為客戶提供更好、更多的金融服務(wù),不斷增加商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)效益,充分發(fā)揮資源優(yōu)化配置的作用,推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:At present, China's economic development has entered a new normal, the main characteristics of which are that the growth rate has been reduced from high speed to medium high speed, and the mode of development has changed from scale speed type to quality efficiency type. The motive force of development should be upgraded from relying mainly on resources and low-cost labor input to innovation-driven. China's economic development will not and can no longer return to its original extensive development model. Instead, it will promote economic restructuring through comprehensive deepening of reform, shifting from an incremental capacity expansion to an adjustment of the stock, and doing both the best and the incremental. At the same time, by improving people's livelihood, environmental protection and comprehensive management, we are forcing industrial transformation and upgrading. China's economy is evolving towards a stage where the form of the economy is more advanced, the division of labor is more optimized, the structure is more rational and the external economy is more open. However, it is very difficult to realize such extensive and profound changes, and in this process, Chinese commercial banks also face enormous challenges and opportunities. Under the new normal state of the economy, the economic growth rate of China and even the world is slowing down, the demand is decreasing, the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation and upgrading will make many enterprises difficult to survive, increasing credit risk and liquidity risk. Market risk and exchange rate risk will increase the risk of bad assets of banks. The rising rate of commercial banks in China in recent years is a warning sign. At the same time, China will deepen the reform of the financial system, establish and improve a multi-level capital market system. Listed enterprises, state-owned enterprises and large high-quality enterprises will switch from indirect financing by the original commercial banks to direct financing. China's commercial banks are losing their traditional major credit markets; the promotion of interest rate liberalization has narrowed the net interest margin of commercial banks. The fierce competition of interbank and the challenge of new business form, such as Internet finance, will make the development of credit business of commercial banks face great difficulties. By analyzing the present situation of the credit structure of Chinese commercial banks, this paper holds that there are still some problems in the credit structure of Chinese commercial banks, such as the high concentration degree of industry and customers, the credit business is still dominated by company loans, the products are homogenized and the innovation is insufficient, and so on. Therefore, according to the law of economic development and the requirements of their own development, commercial banks should formulate policies for the adjustment of credit structure and the development of business from the perspective of economic globalization, and establish a long-term mechanism for dynamic adjustment of credit structure, from the perspective of industry structure. Customer structure, credit variety and other aspects of credit structure adjustment, on the basis of risk prevention, to maximize the professional ability of commercial banks, constantly innovate financial products, and provide customers with better, more financial services. We will continuously increase the operating efficiency of commercial banks, give full play to the role of optimizing the allocation of resources, and promote economic development and social progress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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本文編號(hào)：2138283