【摘要】：高鐵是改革開放以來中國技術(shù)趕超最為成功的部門之一。然而,高強(qiáng)度的政府行政干預(yù)、長期的行政壟斷和普遍的國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)安排,這些直覺判斷似乎是中國高鐵制度安排和產(chǎn)業(yè)組織的主要特征,卻與主流經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)主張的市場、競爭、私有產(chǎn)權(quán)等基本命題格格不入�；趯χ袊哞F部門各類創(chuàng)新主體的廣泛實地調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),微觀主體激勵結(jié)構(gòu)的改善、不斷強(qiáng)化的市場競爭和創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)向的選擇機(jī)制,才是自主創(chuàng)新成為中國高鐵相關(guān)主體理性選擇的主要原因。一方面,作為高鐵裝備用戶方的鐵路總公司出于安全可控和"組織合法性"的理性考慮,不斷推進(jìn)高鐵全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的技術(shù)趕超和國產(chǎn)化;另一方面,在市場需求和技術(shù)機(jī)會的驅(qū)動下,作為供給方的高鐵裝備企業(yè)的企業(yè)家精神和管理層的實際控制權(quán)一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了國有產(chǎn)權(quán)本身的缺陷,更重要的是這些企業(yè)在體制內(nèi)的治理結(jié)構(gòu)和激勵機(jī)制的改革和調(diào)適,不斷擠壓所有制本身的效率損失,促成了高強(qiáng)度的技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)活動。
[Abstract]:High-speed rail is one of the most successful departments in China's technological catch-up since the reform and opening up. However, the high intensity government administrative intervention, the long-term administrative monopoly and the universal property right arrangement of state-owned enterprises, these intuitive judgments seem to be the main characteristics of China's high-speed rail system arrangement and industrial organization, but they are incompatible with the basic propositions such as market, competition and private property rights advocated by mainstream economics. Based on the extensive field investigation of all kinds of innovation subjects in China's high-speed rail sector, it is found that the improvement of the incentive structure of micro-subjects and the strengthening of market competition and innovation-oriented selection mechanism are the main reasons why independent innovation has become the rational choice of high-speed rail related subjects in China. On the one hand, as the user side of the high-speed rail equipment, the railway head office, as the user side of the high-speed rail equipment, constantly promotes the technological catch-up and localization of the whole high-speed rail industry chain because of the rational consideration of safety controllable and "organizational legitimacy"; On the other hand, driven by market demand and technological opportunities, the entrepreneurship of high-speed rail equipment enterprises as the supplier and the actual control of management make up for the defects of state-owned property rights to a certain extent. More importantly, the reform and adjustment of the governance structure and incentive mechanism of these enterprises in the system, constantly squeeze the efficiency loss of ownership itself, and promote high-intensity technical learning activities.
【作者單位】： 中國社會科學(xué)院工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;
【分類號】：F532

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