韓國(guó)高速鐵路對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-12 09:33
【摘要】：高速鐵路以其獨(dú)一無(wú)二的運(yùn)輸特性,在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的背景下,適應(yīng)了客貨位移距離長(zhǎng)、空間范圍廣、時(shí)效性較強(qiáng)等要求,因而更加緊密地帶動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,并產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。韓國(guó)是世界上較早開(kāi)始建設(shè)高速鐵路的國(guó)家,在上世紀(jì)80年代末著手規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì),并于1992年破土動(dòng)工。為了建設(shè)好高速鐵路,韓國(guó)政府專門(mén)成立了韓國(guó)高速鐵路建設(shè)公團(tuán),負(fù)責(zé)高速鐵路的設(shè)計(jì)、施工、監(jiān)理,并籌措其建設(shè)資金。由于缺乏建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),在高速鐵路建設(shè)初期出現(xiàn)了線路設(shè)計(jì)和施工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上的誤差,導(dǎo)致很多建好的路基和橋梁被拆毀,成本大幅提升。在引入了法國(guó)TGV的技術(shù)和車(chē)輛后,韓國(guó)高速鐵路的建設(shè)取得進(jìn)步,并逐步研發(fā)了 KTX-山川、HEMU-430X等擁有自主產(chǎn)權(quán)的高速動(dòng)車(chē)組。在資金籌措方面,韓國(guó)京釜高速鐵路采取了多種融資方式,由韓國(guó)高速鐵路建設(shè)公團(tuán)進(jìn)行資金籌措,在全部所需的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和車(chē)輛及技術(shù)引進(jìn)費(fèi)用中,其一半以上為國(guó)外借款、國(guó)內(nèi)債券和私人投資,減輕了政府的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。2004年,韓國(guó)京釜高速鐵路建成通車(chē),它的開(kāi)通極大地改善了沿線城市的可達(dá)性,同城化效應(yīng)初步顯現(xiàn),并促進(jìn)了世宗特別自治市等新興城市的發(fā)展和繁榮,形成了新的城市群和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。與此同時(shí),高速鐵路的開(kāi)通對(duì)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在旅游業(yè)方面,高速鐵路沿線城市的游客接待量大幅提高,相關(guān)配套產(chǎn)業(yè)受到積極帶動(dòng),首爾至釜山的一日游也成為可能,但同時(shí)卻擴(kuò)大了非沿線城市與沿線城市間的旅游資源稟賦的差距;在民航運(yùn)輸業(yè)方面,由于韓國(guó)國(guó)土狹小,國(guó)內(nèi)航線受高速鐵路沖擊很大,因而航空公司多將發(fā)展重心轉(zhuǎn)移到國(guó)際航線上,而經(jīng)營(yíng)濟(jì)州島航線為主的廉價(jià)航空逐漸崛起。在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)方面,高速鐵路加快了人口流動(dòng),促進(jìn)了勞動(dòng)力和生產(chǎn)要素的交換,加快了知識(shí)和技術(shù)的傳播,引發(fā)了城市地租和租金的變化,因而導(dǎo)致中心城市愈發(fā)聚集金融、餐飲等高附加值產(chǎn)業(yè),而傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)則搬遷至周邊地區(qū),也使得這些地區(qū)也獲得了不同程度的發(fā)展�？v觀韓國(guó)高速鐵路的發(fā)展歷程,雖然韓國(guó)高速鐵路里程短、規(guī)模小、技術(shù)水平與我國(guó)高速鐵路還有不小的差距,并且在建設(shè)初期產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重失誤,但是依然有一些有益的啟示。韓國(guó)高速鐵路優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)和多元的產(chǎn)品、科學(xué)的融資模式和政府對(duì)公共交通的支持政策值得我們借鑒,而它的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃上的挫折是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)吸取的教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:In the context of economic globalization, high-speed railway, with its unique transport characteristics, has adapted to the requirements of long distance of passenger and cargo displacement, wide scope of space, strong timeliness, and so on, thus more closely driving various fields of economic and social development. And had a far-reaching impact. South Korea, a country that started to build high-speed railways early in the world, began planning and designing in the late 1980s and broke ground in 1992. In order to build the high-speed railway well, the Korean government has set up the Korea High-speed Railway Construction Company, which is responsible for the design, construction, supervision and fund-raising of the high-speed railway. Due to the lack of experience in high-speed railway construction, errors in the design and construction standards of high-speed railway lines occurred in the early stage of construction, resulting in the demolition of many constructed roadbed and bridges, resulting in a significant increase in cost. After the introduction of French TGV technology and vehicles, the construction of Korean high-speed railway has made progress, and has gradually developed KTX- mountain, HEMU-430X and other self-owned high-speed EMU. In terms of fund-raising, the Korean Beijing-kettle high-speed railway has adopted a variety of financing methods, financed by the Korea High-speed Railway Construction Company, out of the total cost of infrastructure construction and vehicle and technology introduction required by the South Korean High-speed Railway Construction Company. More than half of them are foreign loans, domestic bonds and private investment, reducing the financial burden of the government. In 2004, South Korea's Beijing-kettle high-speed railway was opened to traffic, and its opening greatly improved the accessibility of cities along the route, and the effect of city-to-city was initially revealed. It also promoted the development and prosperity of new cities, such as Shizong Special Autonomous City, and formed new urban agglomeration and economic growth point. At the same time, the opening of high-speed railway has brought far-reaching impact on related industries. In the area of tourism, the number of tourists received by cities along the high-speed railway line has greatly increased, the related supporting industries have been actively driven, and a one-day trip from Seoul to Busan has also become possible. But at the same time, it expands the gap of tourism resource endowment between non-cities and cities along the routes. In the area of civil aviation transportation, due to the small territory of South Korea and the impact of high-speed railway on domestic routes, airlines tend to shift their development focus to international routes, and the low-cost airlines operating mainly Jeju Island routes are rising gradually. In terms of industrial structure, high-speed railways have accelerated population mobility, promoted the exchange of labour and factors of production, accelerated the spread of knowledge and technology, led to changes in urban land rent and rent, and thus led to greater concentration of finance in central cities. High value-added industries such as food and beverage, while traditional manufacturing moved to surrounding areas, also led to varying degrees of development in these areas. Throughout the development process of Korean high-speed railway, although Korean high-speed railway has a short mileage and small scale, and the technical level of Korean high-speed railway is still quite different from that of our country, and it has made serious mistakes in the early stage of construction, there are still some beneficial enlightenments. The high-quality service and diversified products of Korean high-speed railway, the scientific financing mode and the government's policy of supporting public transport are worthy of our reference, and the setback in its design and planning is the lesson we should learn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F533.126;F131.26
本文編號(hào)：2438661
[Abstract]:In the context of economic globalization, high-speed railway, with its unique transport characteristics, has adapted to the requirements of long distance of passenger and cargo displacement, wide scope of space, strong timeliness, and so on, thus more closely driving various fields of economic and social development. And had a far-reaching impact. South Korea, a country that started to build high-speed railways early in the world, began planning and designing in the late 1980s and broke ground in 1992. In order to build the high-speed railway well, the Korean government has set up the Korea High-speed Railway Construction Company, which is responsible for the design, construction, supervision and fund-raising of the high-speed railway. Due to the lack of experience in high-speed railway construction, errors in the design and construction standards of high-speed railway lines occurred in the early stage of construction, resulting in the demolition of many constructed roadbed and bridges, resulting in a significant increase in cost. After the introduction of French TGV technology and vehicles, the construction of Korean high-speed railway has made progress, and has gradually developed KTX- mountain, HEMU-430X and other self-owned high-speed EMU. In terms of fund-raising, the Korean Beijing-kettle high-speed railway has adopted a variety of financing methods, financed by the Korea High-speed Railway Construction Company, out of the total cost of infrastructure construction and vehicle and technology introduction required by the South Korean High-speed Railway Construction Company. More than half of them are foreign loans, domestic bonds and private investment, reducing the financial burden of the government. In 2004, South Korea's Beijing-kettle high-speed railway was opened to traffic, and its opening greatly improved the accessibility of cities along the route, and the effect of city-to-city was initially revealed. It also promoted the development and prosperity of new cities, such as Shizong Special Autonomous City, and formed new urban agglomeration and economic growth point. At the same time, the opening of high-speed railway has brought far-reaching impact on related industries. In the area of tourism, the number of tourists received by cities along the high-speed railway line has greatly increased, the related supporting industries have been actively driven, and a one-day trip from Seoul to Busan has also become possible. But at the same time, it expands the gap of tourism resource endowment between non-cities and cities along the routes. In the area of civil aviation transportation, due to the small territory of South Korea and the impact of high-speed railway on domestic routes, airlines tend to shift their development focus to international routes, and the low-cost airlines operating mainly Jeju Island routes are rising gradually. In terms of industrial structure, high-speed railways have accelerated population mobility, promoted the exchange of labour and factors of production, accelerated the spread of knowledge and technology, led to changes in urban land rent and rent, and thus led to greater concentration of finance in central cities. High value-added industries such as food and beverage, while traditional manufacturing moved to surrounding areas, also led to varying degrees of development in these areas. Throughout the development process of Korean high-speed railway, although Korean high-speed railway has a short mileage and small scale, and the technical level of Korean high-speed railway is still quite different from that of our country, and it has made serious mistakes in the early stage of construction, there are still some beneficial enlightenments. The high-quality service and diversified products of Korean high-speed railway, the scientific financing mode and the government's policy of supporting public transport are worthy of our reference, and the setback in its design and planning is the lesson we should learn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F533.126;F131.26
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