【摘要】：錢塘江是浙江的“母親河”,其航運(yùn)業(yè)對浙江社會發(fā)展的影響至深至遠(yuǎn)。在穿越千年的時間里,錢塘江航運(yùn)在構(gòu)筑了區(qū)域社會交通主干線的同時也孕育了沿岸相對繁榮的節(jié)點(diǎn)城鎮(zhèn)。 及至近代,隨著國門的打開,錢塘江航運(yùn)也不可避免地卷入現(xiàn)代化的浪潮中去�，F(xiàn)代性勢不可擋地滲透進(jìn)航運(yùn)業(yè)的各個層面。在工具上,輪船的引入開啟了機(jī)械化運(yùn)輸時代的序幕；在組織上,航運(yùn)公司的崛起改變了往昔分散經(jīng)營的格局；在管理上,航政機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置在一定程度上規(guī)范了錢塘江流域的航運(yùn)市場。當(dāng)然,就史實(shí)而言,也不應(yīng)否認(rèn)錢塘江航運(yùn)的現(xiàn)代化是“低強(qiáng)度”的。 與此同時,火車、汽車等新式陸路交通則對錢塘江航運(yùn)構(gòu)成了一定的沖擊。但是,現(xiàn)代性融入傳統(tǒng)社會有著一個互斥的過程。傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的差異性與對抗性在近代錢塘江流域的交通體系中所體現(xiàn)出來的則是輪船與民船之間、水運(yùn)與陸運(yùn)之間競爭又互補(bǔ)的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。技術(shù)含量高的交通工具并不一定符合市場的需求,水運(yùn)則因其價格等優(yōu)勢占有一定的市場份額。新式交通需要以時間來換取其效能發(fā)揮的空間。 錢塘江航運(yùn)在近代的變化也產(chǎn)生了一定的社會效應(yīng)。在前現(xiàn)代社會中,錢塘江航運(yùn)在城鎮(zhèn)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的形成、區(qū)域社會體系的建構(gòu)方面儼然為一大變量。在空間結(jié)構(gòu)上,錢塘江為本區(qū)域內(nèi)聚落分布的主軸,城鎮(zhèn)星羅棋布于其兩側(cè)。在社會體系上,航運(yùn)成為影響城鎮(zhèn)在區(qū)域市場結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)鍵性、文化網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的重要性乃至自身興衰與否的關(guān)鍵因素。 而到了近代,水運(yùn)地位的下降與陸運(yùn)地位的凸顯使得流域內(nèi)空間結(jié)構(gòu)與社會體系都開啟了重構(gòu)的進(jìn)程。蘭溪與金華在近代幾十年中的興衰交替非常典型地體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。錢塘江航運(yùn)與沿線城鎮(zhèn)如同對方的鏡子,一方的繁榮亦或衰敗都能折射在另一方的身上。
[Abstract]:Qiantang River is the mother river of Zhejiang Province, and its shipping industry has a profound influence on Zhejiang's social development. During the past thousand years, Qiantang River shipping has constructed the main line of regional social traffic, and has also given birth to the relatively prosperous node towns along the coast. In modern times, with the opening of the country, Qiantang River shipping inevitably involved in the tide of modernization. Modernity permeates every aspect of shipping industry inexorably. In terms of tools, the introduction of ships opened the prelude of the era of mechanized transportation, and in the organization, the rise of shipping companies changed the pattern of decentralized management in the past. To a certain extent, the shipping market of Qiantang River Basin is regulated by the establishment of navigation agencies. Of course, as far as historical facts are concerned, we should not deny that the modernization of Qiantang River shipping is "low intensity". At the same time, new road transportation, such as trains and cars, has a certain impact on Qiantang River shipping. However, the integration of modernity into the traditional society has a mutually exclusive process. The difference and antagonism between the tradition and the modern times is reflected in the transportation system of the Qiantang River basin in modern times, which is the complex relationship between the ship and the civilian ship, and the competition between the water and the land transportation. Transportation with high technology content does not necessarily meet the market demand, while water transportation occupies a certain market share because of its advantages such as price. New traffic needs time in exchange for space for its effectiveness. The change of Qiantang River shipping in modern times also produced certain social effect. In the pre-modern society, Qiantang River shipping has become a great variable in the formation of urban spatial structure and the construction of regional social system. In spatial structure, Qiantang River is the main axis of settlement distribution in the region, and towns are scattered all over its sides. In the social system, shipping becomes the key factor that affects the regional market structure of cities and towns, the importance of cultural network and even the rise and fall of their own. In modern times, the decline of water transport status and the prominence of land transport status make the reconstruction process of spatial structure and social system in the basin. Lanxi and Jinhua in modern decades of rise and fall alternates a very typical embodiment of this point. Qiantang River shipping and towns along the line are like mirrors of the other, whose prosperity or decline can be reflected in the other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F552.9;K26

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