公共產(chǎn)品視角下的廣州公共自行車現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展對(duì)策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-27 09:45
【摘要】：城市化的發(fā)展帶來的交通和環(huán)境問題,是困擾很多大城市發(fā)展的重要問題,公共自行車的出現(xiàn)給解決這一難題提供了新的選擇,本文以廣州市公共自行車租賃項(xiàng)目為研究案例,從公共產(chǎn)品理論入手,分析國(guó)內(nèi)外蓬勃發(fā)展的公共自行車現(xiàn)象,在總結(jié)和抽象的基礎(chǔ)上,給出公共自行車的定義和分類;針對(duì)廣州公共自行車項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際情況,使用解釋性案例研究的方法,總結(jié)了廣州公共自行車使用人群的特點(diǎn),通過對(duì)其詳細(xì)運(yùn)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,說明公共自行車具有顯著的通勤作用,是公共交通的重要銜接和有益補(bǔ)充。公共自行車具有綠色性、公共性、公益性的特點(diǎn),具有改善城市交通擁堵、減少城市大氣污染、提高資源利用率、提升城市形象等正外部效應(yīng),理應(yīng)得到政府的支持,但是在公共自行車的發(fā)展過程中還存在定位不明確、沒有扶持政策、缺乏整體規(guī)劃等問題,導(dǎo)致公共自行車項(xiàng)目發(fā)展受限,甚至走入困境。由于公共自行車的正外部效應(yīng)難以準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估,市場(chǎng)在公共自行車的提供中難以有效配置,在借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外公共自行車發(fā)展比較好的城市的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、財(cái)政支持的公共自行車發(fā)展模式。建議結(jié)合慢行系統(tǒng)的建設(shè),將公共自行車納入公共交通體系,從公交優(yōu)先和城市交通可持續(xù)發(fā)展的高度統(tǒng)籌考慮公共自行車建設(shè)的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼。財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼,除給予運(yùn)營(yíng)虧損補(bǔ)貼外,應(yīng)加大財(cái)政投入的力度,擴(kuò)大項(xiàng)目規(guī)模,并考慮項(xiàng)目建成后的更新維護(hù),持續(xù)投入。公共自行車項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)營(yíng)才是其長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵,公共自行車項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)營(yíng)存在成本較高,使用不平衡等現(xiàn)象,建議引入市場(chǎng)化機(jī)制來降低運(yùn)營(yíng)成本,通過新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用來解決公共自行車的調(diào)度難,成本較高的問題,在堅(jiān)持公益定價(jià)的前提下,通過“逆向收費(fèi)”等手段解決公共自行車使用不平衡產(chǎn)生的“潮汐現(xiàn)象”。
[Abstract]:The traffic and environment problems brought by the development of urbanization are the important problems that haunt the development of many big cities. The emergence of public bicycle provides a new choice to solve this problem. This paper takes the public bicycle rental project in Guangzhou as a case study. Starting with the theory of public goods, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of public bicycle which is booming at home and abroad, and gives the definition and classification of public bicycle on the basis of summing up and abstracting. According to the actual situation of Guangzhou Public Bicycle Project, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Guangzhou Public Bicycle users by using the method of explanatory case study, and analyzes the detailed operation data of Guangzhou Public Bicycle Project. It shows that public bicycle has obvious commuting effect and is an important link and beneficial supplement of public transportation. Public bicycle has the characteristics of green, public and public welfare. It should be supported by the government for its positive external effects, such as improving urban traffic congestion, reducing urban air pollution, increasing the utilization of resources and promoting the image of the city. However, there are still some problems in the development of public bicycle, such as unclear positioning, no supporting policy, lack of overall planning, etc., which lead to the limited development of public bicycle projects, even into difficulties. As the positive and external effects of public bicycles are difficult to evaluate accurately and the market is difficult to be effectively configured in the provision of public bicycles, on the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experience of cities with relatively good development of public bicycles at home and abroad, the overall planning is put forward. The development mode of public bicycle supported by finance. It is suggested that the public bicycle should be brought into the public transportation system in combination with the construction of slow moving system, and the financial subsidy for the construction of public bicycle should be considered as a whole from the perspective of public transport priority and the sustainable development of urban transportation. In addition to the operating loss subsidy, the financial subsidy should increase the financial input, expand the project scale, and consider the renewal and maintenance of the project after the completion of the project. The operation of the public bicycle project is the key to its long-term development. The operation cost of the public bicycle project is high and the use is unbalanced. It is suggested that the market-oriented mechanism should be introduced to reduce the operation cost. Through the application of new technology to solve the problem of difficult scheduling and high cost of public bicycle, under the premise of insisting on public interest pricing, the "tide phenomenon" caused by unbalanced use of public bicycle is solved by means of "reverse charge".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F572.88
本文編號(hào)：2360275
[Abstract]:The traffic and environment problems brought by the development of urbanization are the important problems that haunt the development of many big cities. The emergence of public bicycle provides a new choice to solve this problem. This paper takes the public bicycle rental project in Guangzhou as a case study. Starting with the theory of public goods, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of public bicycle which is booming at home and abroad, and gives the definition and classification of public bicycle on the basis of summing up and abstracting. According to the actual situation of Guangzhou Public Bicycle Project, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Guangzhou Public Bicycle users by using the method of explanatory case study, and analyzes the detailed operation data of Guangzhou Public Bicycle Project. It shows that public bicycle has obvious commuting effect and is an important link and beneficial supplement of public transportation. Public bicycle has the characteristics of green, public and public welfare. It should be supported by the government for its positive external effects, such as improving urban traffic congestion, reducing urban air pollution, increasing the utilization of resources and promoting the image of the city. However, there are still some problems in the development of public bicycle, such as unclear positioning, no supporting policy, lack of overall planning, etc., which lead to the limited development of public bicycle projects, even into difficulties. As the positive and external effects of public bicycles are difficult to evaluate accurately and the market is difficult to be effectively configured in the provision of public bicycles, on the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced experience of cities with relatively good development of public bicycles at home and abroad, the overall planning is put forward. The development mode of public bicycle supported by finance. It is suggested that the public bicycle should be brought into the public transportation system in combination with the construction of slow moving system, and the financial subsidy for the construction of public bicycle should be considered as a whole from the perspective of public transport priority and the sustainable development of urban transportation. In addition to the operating loss subsidy, the financial subsidy should increase the financial input, expand the project scale, and consider the renewal and maintenance of the project after the completion of the project. The operation of the public bicycle project is the key to its long-term development. The operation cost of the public bicycle project is high and the use is unbalanced. It is suggested that the market-oriented mechanism should be introduced to reduce the operation cost. Through the application of new technology to solve the problem of difficult scheduling and high cost of public bicycle, under the premise of insisting on public interest pricing, the "tide phenomenon" caused by unbalanced use of public bicycle is solved by means of "reverse charge".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F572.88
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