歐盟航空碳稅對中國航空運輸服務的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-26 15:39
【摘要】：在不斷增長的商品貿易的推動下,中國航空運輸服務貿易也在持續(xù)高速發(fā)展。目前航空運輸服務貿易已經成為非常重要的運輸方式,在國民經濟建設和人民生活中的作用日益突出。尤其是改革開放35年來,整個行業(yè)的運輸總周轉量持續(xù)快速增長,運輸能力顯著增強。同時,航線網(wǎng)絡的不斷擴大促進了行業(yè)基礎設施的建設和管理體制的改革和創(chuàng)新。1990年,中國民用航空完成了25億噸/公里的航班定期運輸總周轉量,在國際民用航空組織的所有國家中位列第十六位。而2002年,中國除去香港和澳門的民航運輸客運周轉量和包括客運和貨運在內的總周轉量都已躍升至國際民用航空組織締約國的第五位。截至2012年,中國航空運輸業(yè)完成運輸總周轉量610.3億噸公里,總周轉量在世界上航空運輸業(yè)內排第二位,僅次于航空運輸服務發(fā)展已經很成熟的美國。 2008年7月8日,歐洲議會通過了關于將航空業(yè)納入歐盟碳排放交易體系的協(xié)議草案,并規(guī)定自2012年1月1日開始實施；協(xié)議將國際市場上2000多家航空公司納入航空碳排放交易體系,這其中就包括中國的33家航空公司。為了達成全球性的解決框架,航空碳稅方案的實施日期一再推遲。歐盟將航空業(yè)納入其碳排放交易體系的單邊行動,自發(fā)布之日起就引起了全球的廣泛關注,各國分別采取措施以應對其影響。 本文首先對歐盟航空碳稅進行了一番概述,包括歐盟航空碳稅的提出背景和實施方案,接著對中國航空運輸服務貿易的發(fā)展和出口歐盟的情況做了分析和總結。本文認為中國航空運輸業(yè)和航空運輸服務貿易處于不斷發(fā)展的階段,在國際市場上的競爭力不斷增強；但是仍然存在運營成本高、規(guī)模經濟和網(wǎng)絡經濟效應不顯著以及抗風險能力差等弱勢,國際競爭力有待于提升。通過這兩章的概述,對提出的問題有了比較全面的認識。 其次,通過定性與數(shù)據(jù)分析相結合的方法,從短期和長期兩個方面分析了歐盟航空碳稅一旦起征對中國將產生的影響。本文認為,歐盟航空碳稅方案的實施在短期內會增加航空公司的運營和管理成本,擠占中國航空運輸服務業(yè)的利潤空間；與歐美發(fā)達國家相比,航空運輸業(yè)起步晚,還處于快速發(fā)展階段的發(fā)展中國家受航空碳稅的影響更大,航空碳稅的征收將改變競爭格局,降低中國航空運輸服務的國際競爭力；航空碳稅的征收引起的航空票價上漲和運輸成本增加的負面影響會沿著產業(yè)鏈轉移,對其他產業(yè)的發(fā)展產生不利影響。長期,航空碳稅的征收會產生倒逼效應,促進中國航空業(yè)轉型升級、有利于推動綠色環(huán)保航空運輸服務業(yè)的發(fā)展。 最后,在國際和國內層面,給出了應對歐盟航空碳稅的建議。在國際層面,本文認為應聯(lián)合其他國家,通過談判及起訴方式維護利益；而低碳綠色經濟是全球經濟的發(fā)展的潮流,因此中國應積極參與到全球碳稅規(guī)則的談判中,在訂立國際碳稅新公約中爭取話語權,為建立起解決氣候問題的全球性框架做出努力。在國內層面,一方面航空公司應自身加強重視,增強環(huán)保意識,培養(yǎng)專業(yè)人才,促進綠色低碳飛行；另一方面,中國應盡快建立和完善國內碳交易市場,規(guī)范碳交易,保障環(huán)保綠色經濟的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:China's air transport service trade is also developing at a high speed, driven by the growing trade in goods. At present, the trade of air transport service has become a very important mode of transportation, and the role of air transport service in the construction of national economy and people's life is becoming more and more prominent. In particular, since the reform and opening up in the past 35 years, the total transportation turnover in the whole industry has continued to grow rapidly and the transportation capacity is significantly enhanced. At the same time, the expansion of the route network has promoted the construction of the industry infrastructure and the reform and innovation of the management system. In 1990, China's civil aviation completed the total turnover of 25 billion tons/ km of flights and ranked the tenth in all the countries of the International Civil Aviation Organization. In 2002, China's total turnover and total turnover, including passenger and cargo transport, have jumped to the fifth of the States parties to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As of 2012, China's air transportation industry has completed the total transport turnover of 610,300 million tons, the total turnover of the world is the second in the air transport industry in the world, only after the development of air transport services has become mature. On 8 July 2008, the European Parliament adopted a draft agreement on the integration of the aviation industry into the European Union's carbon-emission trading system and provided for its implementation on 1 January 2012; the agreement included more than 2,000 airlines in the international market in the air-carbon emission trading The system, which includes 33 aviation in China Company. In order to reach a global solution framework, the implementation date of the aviation carbon tax programme has been repeated Postponement. The EU's unilateral action to include the aviation industry in its carbon-emission trading system has raised global concerns as of the date of its release, and countries have taken steps to address them, respectively The paper first gives an overview of the EU aviation carbon tax, including the background and implementation of the EU aviation carbon tax, and then the development of China's air transport service trade and the export of the EU. The paper points out that the trade of China's air transportation and air transport services is at the stage of continuous development, and the competitiveness of the international market is constantly enhanced; however, there are still high operating costs, no significant scale economy and network economic effect, and the anti-risk performance weak force and other weak and international competitiveness It is to be promoted. Through the summary of the two chapters, the questions put forward are compared A comprehensive understanding. Secondly, through the combination of qualitative and data analysis, the European Union's aviation carbon tax has been analyzed from both short-and long-term aspects. In this paper, the implementation of the EU's aviation carbon tax program will increase the operation and management cost of the airlines in the short term, and account for the profit space of China's air transport service industry. Compared with the developed countries in Europe and the United States, The air transportation industry is in the late stage, and the developing countries in the rapid development stage are affected by the aviation carbon tax, the collection of the aviation carbon tax will change the competition pattern and reduce the air transportation in China The international competitiveness of the service; the negative impact of the increase in the air fare and the increase in the transportation cost due to the collection of the aviation carbon tax will be transferred along the industrial chain and other industries The development has an adverse effect. Long-term, the collection of aviation carbon tax will produce the reverse force effect and promote the transformation and upgrading of the Chinese aviation industry, which is favorable to the promotion of green and environment-friendly aviation The development of transport services. Finally, at the international and national levels, The proposal to deal with the EU's aviation carbon tax. At the international level, it is believed that the interests of other countries should be maintained through negotiation and prosecution, while the low-carbon green economy is the trend of the development of the global economy, so China should be actively involved in the negotiation of the global carbon tax rule and in the conclusion of international in that new convention on carbon tax, the right to speak is to establish a solution to the climate On the other hand, China should set up and perfect domestic carbon trading market as soon as possible to regulate carbon trading.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F562
本文編號：2358963
[Abstract]:China's air transport service trade is also developing at a high speed, driven by the growing trade in goods. At present, the trade of air transport service has become a very important mode of transportation, and the role of air transport service in the construction of national economy and people's life is becoming more and more prominent. In particular, since the reform and opening up in the past 35 years, the total transportation turnover in the whole industry has continued to grow rapidly and the transportation capacity is significantly enhanced. At the same time, the expansion of the route network has promoted the construction of the industry infrastructure and the reform and innovation of the management system. In 1990, China's civil aviation completed the total turnover of 25 billion tons/ km of flights and ranked the tenth in all the countries of the International Civil Aviation Organization. In 2002, China's total turnover and total turnover, including passenger and cargo transport, have jumped to the fifth of the States parties to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). As of 2012, China's air transportation industry has completed the total transport turnover of 610,300 million tons, the total turnover of the world is the second in the air transport industry in the world, only after the development of air transport services has become mature. On 8 July 2008, the European Parliament adopted a draft agreement on the integration of the aviation industry into the European Union's carbon-emission trading system and provided for its implementation on 1 January 2012; the agreement included more than 2,000 airlines in the international market in the air-carbon emission trading The system, which includes 33 aviation in China Company. In order to reach a global solution framework, the implementation date of the aviation carbon tax programme has been repeated Postponement. The EU's unilateral action to include the aviation industry in its carbon-emission trading system has raised global concerns as of the date of its release, and countries have taken steps to address them, respectively The paper first gives an overview of the EU aviation carbon tax, including the background and implementation of the EU aviation carbon tax, and then the development of China's air transport service trade and the export of the EU. The paper points out that the trade of China's air transportation and air transport services is at the stage of continuous development, and the competitiveness of the international market is constantly enhanced; however, there are still high operating costs, no significant scale economy and network economic effect, and the anti-risk performance weak force and other weak and international competitiveness It is to be promoted. Through the summary of the two chapters, the questions put forward are compared A comprehensive understanding. Secondly, through the combination of qualitative and data analysis, the European Union's aviation carbon tax has been analyzed from both short-and long-term aspects. In this paper, the implementation of the EU's aviation carbon tax program will increase the operation and management cost of the airlines in the short term, and account for the profit space of China's air transport service industry. Compared with the developed countries in Europe and the United States, The air transportation industry is in the late stage, and the developing countries in the rapid development stage are affected by the aviation carbon tax, the collection of the aviation carbon tax will change the competition pattern and reduce the air transportation in China The international competitiveness of the service; the negative impact of the increase in the air fare and the increase in the transportation cost due to the collection of the aviation carbon tax will be transferred along the industrial chain and other industries The development has an adverse effect. Long-term, the collection of aviation carbon tax will produce the reverse force effect and promote the transformation and upgrading of the Chinese aviation industry, which is favorable to the promotion of green and environment-friendly aviation The development of transport services. Finally, at the international and national levels, The proposal to deal with the EU's aviation carbon tax. At the international level, it is believed that the interests of other countries should be maintained through negotiation and prosecution, while the low-carbon green economy is the trend of the development of the global economy, so China should be actively involved in the negotiation of the global carbon tax rule and in the conclusion of international in that new convention on carbon tax, the right to speak is to establish a solution to the climate On the other hand, China should set up and perfect domestic carbon trading market as soon as possible to regulate carbon trading.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F562
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