【摘要】：目前,在車(chē)站設(shè)施的設(shè)計(jì)中主要依據(jù)《地鐵設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》,再結(jié)合遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)測(cè)客流的高峰值確定設(shè)施規(guī)模的大小,而往往忽略了客流的動(dòng)態(tài)影響,導(dǎo)致車(chē)站設(shè)施很難完全適應(yīng)客流的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)需求,影響設(shè)施系統(tǒng)整體能力的充分發(fā)揮。因此,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)交通設(shè)施的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),有必要對(duì)客流的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行深入的研究。充分掌握客流在車(chē)站設(shè)施中的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。城市軌道交通客流與流體具有一定相似性,能否利用流體力學(xué)的理論研究客流特性的成為一個(gè)亟需解決的問(wèn)題。流體力學(xué)基本理論在交通流理論研究中的應(yīng)用,也使客流研究中引入這一理論成為必然。 通過(guò)對(duì)城市軌道交通客流與流體的相似性分析,先后提出了客流連續(xù)性假設(shè)、客流壓力P(設(shè)施壓力)的概念,并對(duì)其相應(yīng)的參數(shù)做出了鮮明的對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)化,主要包括速度、密度、流量、壓力、過(guò)流斷面等等,為有效地將流體力學(xué)思想應(yīng)用到客流研究中提供了理論上的支持；利用流體力學(xué)理論推導(dǎo)驗(yàn)證了符合站臺(tái)端客流運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的連續(xù)性方程、運(yùn)動(dòng)微分方程和特定條件下的客流伯努利方程,并結(jié)合客流規(guī)律對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析；通過(guò)建立站臺(tái)和不同樓梯寬度(4m、5m、5.4m、6m、6.4m、7m)的組合模型,研究了樓梯寬度和客流速度、速度變化率、客流壓力(設(shè)施壓力)、壓力變化率的關(guān)系。 本文的主要研究結(jié)論包括：通過(guò)一定的條件假設(shè),流體力學(xué)理論可以應(yīng)用在城市軌道交通客流的研究中；利用推導(dǎo)得到的數(shù)學(xué)模型能夠從本質(zhì)上解釋客流運(yùn)動(dòng)中部分現(xiàn)象的原因；對(duì)不同樓梯寬度和站臺(tái)組合模型的計(jì)算分析,為站臺(tái)端樓梯寬度的選擇提供了參考；通過(guò)對(duì)北京市若干城市軌道交通車(chē)站站臺(tái)客流運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)地調(diào)研,提出了擁堵區(qū)域的“梯型”模型。
[Abstract]:At present, the design of station facilities is mainly based on the "Subway Design Code", combined with the long-term prediction of the high peak value of passenger flow to determine the size of the facility, and often ignore the dynamic impact of passenger flow. It is very difficult for station facilities to fully adapt to the flow state of passenger flow, which affects the full exertion of the overall capacity of the facility system. Therefore, in order to realize the optimal design of traffic facilities, it is necessary to deeply study the movement law of passenger flow. Fully grasp the movement of passenger flow in station facilities. There is a certain similarity between the passenger flow and the fluid in urban rail transit. It is an urgent problem to use the theory of fluid mechanics to study the characteristics of passenger flow. The application of the basic theory of fluid mechanics in the study of traffic flow theory also makes it inevitable to introduce this theory into the study of passenger flow. By analyzing the similarity between passenger flow and fluid in urban rail transit, this paper puts forward the hypothesis of passenger flow continuity successively, the concept of passenger flow pressure P (facility pressure), and makes a sharp contrast and transformation to its corresponding parameters, mainly including speed. Density, flow rate, pressure, flow section and so on, which provide theoretical support for the effective application of hydrodynamics to passenger flow research. The continuity equation, differential equation of motion and Bernoulli equation of passenger flow under certain conditions are deduced and verified by the theory of fluid mechanics, and the mathematical model is analyzed in detail in combination with the law of passenger flow. The relationship between stair width and passenger flow velocity, velocity change rate, passenger flow pressure (facility pressure) and pressure change rate are studied by establishing a combined model of platform and different stair width (4mm ~ 5m ~ (-5) m ~ (-5) m ~ (6) ~ (4) m / m ~ (7 m). The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the hydrodynamic theory can be applied to the study of urban rail transit passenger flow through certain conditional assumptions; By using the derived mathematical model, the causes of some phenomena in passenger flow movement can be explained in essence, and the calculation and analysis of different stair width and platform combination model can provide a reference for the choice of stair width at platform end. The trapezoidal model of traffic flow in congested area is put forward through the investigation of passenger flow on the platform of some urban rail transit stations in Beijing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U293.13

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