【摘要】：歐美等航空大國(guó)自上世紀(jì)七十年代以來相繼進(jìn)行了民航業(yè)的管制改革,航空運(yùn)輸自由化成為國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢(shì)。面臨這樣的背景與壓力,中國(guó)民航業(yè)自上世紀(jì)80年代初以來進(jìn)行了一系列改革,逐步放松政府管制,推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程,使中國(guó)成為全世界民航業(yè)增長(zhǎng)最快的地區(qū)之一。 中國(guó)民航業(yè)近30年的快速發(fā)展,在很大程度上是政府管制改革的結(jié)果,是制度紅利的體現(xiàn)。作為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)性、先導(dǎo)性、戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè),中國(guó)民航業(yè)醞釀一波新的發(fā)展浪潮,但卻面臨著管理體制和管制制度的瓶頸。在這一特定背景下,深入研究改革開放以來民航業(yè)管制制度變遷歷程及其制度績(jī)效,分析民航業(yè)管制制度變遷的動(dòng)力、路徑、演化邏輯、制度變遷的影響因素和制約條件,對(duì)繼續(xù)深化民航業(yè)的管制制度改革具有重要的政策意義。 本文通過文獻(xiàn)研究和綜述,梳理了制度變遷的動(dòng)力理論、制度變遷的過程理論、制度變遷的方式以及制度變遷的影響理論,論述了制度效率的決定因素、評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與測(cè)定方法,從轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的獨(dú)特視角構(gòu)建了研究中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制改革的理論框架。 根據(jù)筆者構(gòu)建的理論框架,本文回顧了改革開放以來中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制制度變遷的歷程,劃分了民航業(yè)管制改革的四個(gè)階段,分析了中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制改革的基本特點(diǎn)：(1)漸進(jìn)性與滯后性共存；(2)強(qiáng)制性變遷與誘致性變遷共存；(3)制度真空與制度間不協(xié)調(diào)共存；(4)對(duì)舊有制度和外生制度安排的路徑依賴性；(5)整個(gè)變遷過程中伴隨著行業(yè)的高速增長(zhǎng)。 在構(gòu)建制度變遷機(jī)制理論模型的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制制度變遷的動(dòng)力、路徑與演進(jìn)邏輯,討論了政府利益、制度成本和開放對(duì)改革的促進(jìn)等中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制制度變遷的主要?jiǎng)恿?勾畫了中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制制度變遷的路徑,總結(jié)了政府管制改革從放權(quán)讓利到利益博弈的演變、從增量改革到存量改革的演變、政府從游戲參與者到規(guī)則制定者的演變,提出了影響民航業(yè)管制制度變遷的主要因素——既得利益和政府的有限理性。 本文還利用民航業(yè)1985—2010年的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)中國(guó)民航業(yè)管制改革的制度績(jī)效進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究,分析了民航業(yè)管制制度變遷對(duì)行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)、市場(chǎng)價(jià)格、企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本和收益率以及服務(wù)質(zhì)量等方面的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,民航業(yè)管制制度的改革有效地促進(jìn)了市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的下降；在行業(yè)運(yùn)輸總量的增長(zhǎng)上有正向作用,但影響十分有限,而國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷增長(zhǎng)才是行業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的源動(dòng)力；放松管制,引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,提高了市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)程度,促使行業(yè)內(nèi)的企業(yè)提高了服務(wù)質(zhì)量。 最后,針對(duì)中國(guó)民航業(yè)戰(zhàn)略地位凸顯與體制機(jī)制不順、國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸自由化與中國(guó)民航業(yè)整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不強(qiáng)、行業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)等矛盾,提出了繼續(xù)深化體制改革、完善政府管制制度,打破既得利益掣肘、深化改革進(jìn)程,協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域配套改革、確保體制和政府管制制度之間協(xié)調(diào)性的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Air transport liberalization has become an irreversible trend in the international air transportation industry since the 1970s, and the aviation power of the United States and the United States has been subject to the control reform of the civil aviation industry since the 1970s. Facing such background and pressure, the Chinese civil aviation industry has carried out a series of reforms since the beginning of the 1980s, gradually easing the government regulation and promoting the market-oriented process, making China one of the fastest growing parts of the world's civil aviation industry. The rapid development of China's civil aviation industry in the past 30 years is a result of the government's regulatory reform, and it is the system bonus. As a basic, leading and strategic industry of the national economy, China's civil aviation industry is developing a new wave of development, but it faces the management system and the control system. In this specific background, the change course of the civil aviation control system and its system performance since the reform and opening-up have been deeply studied, and the influence factors and constraints of the change of the civil aviation control system, such as the power, the path, the evolution logic and the system change, are analyzed. The condition is an important policy for continuing to deepen the reform of the control system of the civil aviation industry In this paper, through the research and the review of the literature, this paper reviews the power theory of institutional change, the process theory of institutional change, the way of the system change and the influence theory of the system change, and discusses the decision factors and the evaluation standard of the system efficiency. On the basis of the unique perspective of the transition economics, the paper has constructed a study of the control reform of China's civil aviation industry from the unique perspective of the transition economics According to the theoretical framework of the author's construction, this paper reviews the process of China's civil aviation control system change since the reform and opening-up, and divided the four stages of the civil aviation control reform, and analyzed the basic characteristics of China's civil aviation control reform: (1) (2) the coexistence of the sex and the hysteresis; (2) the coexistence of the compulsory changes and the induced changes; (3) the coexistence of the system vacuum and the system; (4) the path dependence on the old system and the external system; and (5) the accompanying changes in the whole process of the transition. On the basis of building the theoretical model of institutional change mechanism, the power, path and evolution logic of China's civil aviation control system change are analyzed, and the civil aviation industry of China, such as the government's interests, the system cost and the promotion of the reform, is discussed. The main motive force of the change of the control system has drawn the path of the change of the control system of the civil aviation industry in China, and summarized the evolution of the government control reform from the decentralization to the interest game, from the incremental reform to the evolution of the stock reform, and the government from the game. The main factors that influence the change of the control system of the civil aviation industry are put forward by the evolution of the people to the rule-makers. The paper also makes an empirical study on the system performance of China's civil aviation control reform by using the time series data of the civil aviation industry in 1985 to 2010, and analyzes the changes of the civil aviation control system to the growth of the industry, the market price, the operation cost and the receipt of the enterprise. The results show that the reform of the control system of the civil aviation industry effectively promotes the decline of the market price, has a positive effect on the growth of the total transport volume of the industry, but the influence is very limited, and the continuous growth of the national economy is the line. The source power of the rapid development of the industry; the deregulation, the introduction of the competition mechanism, the improvement of the market competition degree, the promotion In order to improve the quality of service for enterprises in the industry, in the end, the contradiction between the strategic position of China's civil aviation industry, the non-compliance of the institutional mechanism, the international air transport liberalization and the overall competitiveness of the civil aviation industry in China, the sustainable development of the industry and the non-strong innovation ability of the Chinese civil aviation industry, etc. We will continue to deepen the reform of the system, improve the government control system, break the existing interests, deepen the reform process, coordinate and advance the relevant reform in the relevant fields, and ensure the system
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F562.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 秦占欣;航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)特征與管制改革[J];北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年01期

2 揭東慧;試析“民航價(jià)格聯(lián)盟”[J];商業(yè)研究;2001年09期

3 肖興志;王靖;;中國(guó)電信產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制效果的實(shí)證研究[J];財(cái)經(jīng)論叢;2008年03期

4 韓國(guó)卿;開放必然推動(dòng)改革──訪著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家厲以寧[J];銀行家;2002年05期

5 王萍;王靖;;中國(guó)民航業(yè)規(guī)制效果的實(shí)證分析[J];財(cái)經(jīng)問題研究;2008年03期

6 朱巧琳,盧現(xiàn)祥;非市場(chǎng)化制度安排、制度租金與制度成本[J];財(cái)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì);2002年11期

7 楊春妮;航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)市場(chǎng)化改革的國(guó)際比較——美歐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示[J];東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年05期

8 楊春妮;我國(guó)民航業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局和運(yùn)行效率研究[J];當(dāng)代財(cái)經(jīng);2005年06期

9 方敏;;培育中國(guó)航空運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)的“鯰魚”——基于國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸自由化的思考[J];發(fā)展研究;2008年07期

10 吳曉蘭,張鳴勝;民航業(yè)壟斷問題的法律思考[J];西北工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周培坤;民用機(jī)場(chǎng)體制的國(guó)際比較及我國(guó)機(jī)場(chǎng)體制改革研究[D];廈門大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：2317550