【摘要】：鐵路產(chǎn)業(yè)作為社會先行資本的重要組成部分,是國家重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。眾多知名學(xué)者對鐵路這種社會先行資本的作用都做過高度評價。馬克思曾認(rèn)為,“鐵路將真正成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的先驅(qū)”。美國著名經(jīng)濟(jì)史學(xué)家瓦爾特·羅斯托(Walt W. Rostow)則將美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛歸結(jié)為“主要是鐵路化的工業(yè)結(jié)果而不是農(nóng)業(yè)的結(jié)果,鐵路建設(shè)是帶動19世紀(jì)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的中心”。 中國的鐵路建設(shè)始于19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初。特別是建國以來,鐵路作為基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展,為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。但由于中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會快速發(fā)展需要,鐵路網(wǎng)整體負(fù)荷將長期緊張。中國鐵路建設(shè)資金中,政府投資(鐵道部和地方政府)占據(jù)90%以上份額,鐵道部現(xiàn)有資金渠道包括國家預(yù)算內(nèi)投資、國內(nèi)貸款、建設(shè)基金等,資金渠道單一,無法保證財務(wù)上的可持續(xù)性,進(jìn)而影響鐵路的長期健康發(fā)展。 因此,研究中國鐵路的民營化路徑,引導(dǎo)、利用民間資本成功參與鐵路建設(shè),保障經(jīng)營者合法權(quán)益,解決資金難題,滿足發(fā)展需求,進(jìn)而建立長效管理機(jī)制,既關(guān)系到鐵路建設(shè)的未來,也關(guān)乎社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展。 本文描述了中國鐵路當(dāng)前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和面臨的形勢,分析了鐵路建設(shè)和運(yùn)營中存在的問題,總結(jié)前人在法律、產(chǎn)權(quán)等方面的研究成果,提出研究的范圍、方法和理論依據(jù)�；仡櫭耖g資本參與中國鐵路建設(shè)運(yùn)營的歷史,總結(jié)以往事件的成功和失敗經(jīng)驗,從中積累思路,深入研究分析國外主要市場經(jīng)濟(jì)國家鐵路民營化改革的時代背景,改革采取的步驟和具體措施,以及改革的效果績效評價,得出了可以借鑒的經(jīng)驗和啟示。論述中國鐵路的發(fā)展背景,提出中國鐵路民營化的主要目標(biāo)。系統(tǒng)分析了中國鐵路的特殊背景,歸納出中國鐵路民營化改革的約束條件。在總結(jié)經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,提出委托管理是中國鐵路民營化的現(xiàn)實路徑。政企分開和網(wǎng)運(yùn)分離是民營化的主要步驟。最后分析指出了中國鐵路民營化的保障條件。 本文主要采用比較分析的研究方法,通過運(yùn)用公共產(chǎn)品理論、產(chǎn)權(quán)理論等對鐵路產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行微觀分析,結(jié)合實際提出解決問題的方法。
[Abstract]:As an important part of social capital, railway industry is an important infrastructure of our country. Many famous scholars have highly appraised the role of the social capital of railway. Marx believed that "the railway will truly become the pioneer of modern industry." The famous American economic historian Walter Rostow (Walt W. Rostow) attributed the economic take-off of the United States to "mainly the industrial result of railway rather than the result of agriculture, and the railway construction was the center of American economic development in the 19th century". China's railway construction began in the late 19 th century and the early 20 th century. Especially since the founding of the people's Republic of China, railway, as a basic industry, has developed rapidly and made great contributions to economic development and social progress. However, due to the rapid development of China's economy and society, the overall load of the railway network will be tense for a long time. Government investment (Ministry of Railways and Local governments) accounts for more than 90% of the funds for China's railway construction. The existing funding channels of the Ministry of Railways include investment in the state budget, domestic loans, construction funds, etc. Financial sustainability cannot be guaranteed, thus affecting the long-term and healthy development of railways. Therefore, it is necessary to study the path of privatization of Chinese railways, guide and use private capital to participate in railway construction successfully, protect the legitimate rights and interests of operators, solve the problem of capital, meet the needs of development, and then establish a long-term management mechanism. Not only related to the future of railway construction, but also related to the healthy development of socialist market economy. This paper describes the current development and situation of Chinese railways, analyzes the existing problems in railway construction and operation, summarizes the previous research results in the fields of law and property rights, and puts forward the scope, methods and theoretical basis of the research. Reviewing the history of the participation of private capital in the construction and operation of Chinese railways, summing up the successful and unsuccessful experiences of past events, accumulating ideas from the past, and deeply studying and analyzing the background of the reform of railway privatization in the major market economy countries abroad. The steps and concrete measures taken by the reform, as well as the evaluation of the effect of the reform, have been drawn from the experience and enlightenment that can be used for reference. This paper discusses the background of the development of Chinese railways and puts forward the main objectives of the privatization of Chinese railways. This paper systematically analyzes the special background of Chinese railway, and sums up the constraints of China railway privatization reform. On the basis of summing up experience, this paper puts forward that entrustment management is the realistic path of railway privatization in China. Separation of government and enterprise and separation of network transportation are the main steps of privatization. Finally, the article points out the guarantee conditions of China's railway privatization. This article mainly adopts the comparative analysis research method, through uses the public product theory, the property right theory and so on carries on the microscopic analysis to the railway industry, unifies the reality to propose the solution method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F532

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