【摘要】：交通擁堵問題是世界各國(guó)大、中城市面臨的最主要問題之一。當(dāng)前各大城市的交通管理者均在尋求有效緩解大城市中心商業(yè)區(qū)或者核心功能區(qū)的道路擁堵現(xiàn)狀的辦法。北京市同樣存在著道路交通擁堵現(xiàn)象,越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的擁堵給北京市民的工作和生活帶來(lái)了諸多不便,因此,解決城市道路擁堵問題已成為政府和市民共同的心愿。北京市政府也采取了許多交通管理措施,主要是從供給和需求兩個(gè)方面著手,試圖去解決日益嚴(yán)重的交通擁堵問題,但是均未取得顯著的效果,交通擁堵問題仍然存在。本文旨在借鑒國(guó)外擁堵收費(fèi)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),并結(jié)合我國(guó)城市的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,探討適合我國(guó)的城市擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng),以期對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)的城市道路交通在需求管理方面有一定的借鑒意義。 本文首先討論了城市道路擁堵以及擁堵收費(fèi)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,其中包括城市道路擁堵的成因、擁堵的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、擁堵收費(fèi)的內(nèi)涵以及分類、定價(jià)模型、收費(fèi)原則以及收費(fèi)對(duì)出行者行為的影響分析。接著本文深入研究了國(guó)外部分城市的擁堵收費(fèi)模式以及實(shí)施效果,并從收費(fèi)模式及其有效性兩個(gè)方面比較分析了區(qū)域許可證制度、電子道路收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)以及倫敦?fù)矶率召M(fèi)計(jì)劃。通過比較可知,首先電子道路收費(fèi)在有效性方面是具有優(yōu)勢(shì)的,同時(shí),區(qū)域許可證制度由于它的人工特性劣勢(shì)明顯,且倫敦?fù)矶率召M(fèi)計(jì)劃更適合運(yùn)用于較大的國(guó)家或地區(qū)。其次,雖然收費(fèi)體系中均是需要先對(duì)收費(fèi)區(qū)域、收費(fèi)對(duì)象、收費(fèi)時(shí)間、收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、收費(fèi)方式、處罰規(guī)定以及優(yōu)惠政策等做出明確的規(guī)定,然而在借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同時(shí),需對(duì)自身情況進(jìn)行具體分析,不能盲目的模仿。最后,本文探討了北京實(shí)施擁堵收費(fèi)的必要性,并結(jié)合北京自身情況以及國(guó)外擁堵收費(fèi)模式的經(jīng)驗(yàn),研究得出適合北京市擁堵收費(fèi)的試行方案。 文章從城市道路交通擁堵的相關(guān)理論出發(fā),深入研究了城市道路擁堵收費(fèi)的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過總結(jié)和比較國(guó)外部分城市實(shí)施擁堵收費(fèi)的成功模式,并結(jié)合北京市自身交通發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出了擁堵收費(fèi)方案建議,確定了收費(fèi)區(qū)域、收費(fèi)時(shí)間、收費(fèi)對(duì)象以及收費(fèi)方式,同時(shí)探討了收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定的方法,這對(duì)北京建立擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion is one of the most important problems faced by cities all over the world. At present, traffic managers of major cities are looking for effective ways to alleviate the traffic congestion in the central business district or core function district of big city. There are also road traffic congestion in Beijing, and the more and more serious congestion has brought a lot of inconvenience to the work and life of Beijing residents. Therefore, to solve the problem of urban road congestion has become the common aspiration of the government and citizens. The Beijing Municipal Government has also taken a lot of traffic management measures, mainly from the supply and demand aspects, trying to solve the increasingly serious traffic congestion problem, but has not achieved significant results, traffic congestion problem still exists. The purpose of this paper is to draw lessons from the successful experience of foreign countries and to discuss the urban congestion charging system which is suitable for our country in the light of the development of Chinese cities in order to provide some reference for the demand management of urban road traffic in China. This paper first discusses the relevant contents of urban road congestion and congestion charging, including the causes of urban road congestion, the definition of congestion, the connotation and classification of congestion charges, and pricing models. The principle of charge and the influence of charge on traveler's behavior. Then, this paper deeply studies the congestion charging mode and its implementation effect in some foreign cities, and compares and analyzes the regional license system, the electronic road toll system and the London congestion charging plan from the two aspects of the charging mode and its effectiveness. Through comparison we can see that first of all the electronic road pricing has advantages in the aspect of effectiveness. At the same time the regional permit system has obvious disadvantages due to its artificial characteristics and the London congestion charging scheme is more suitable for the larger countries or regions. Secondly, although it is necessary to make clear regulations on the charging area, the object, the time, the standard, the way, the penalty and the preferential policy, etc., however, while learning from the experience of foreign countries, Needs to carry on the concrete analysis to the own situation, cannot blindly imitate. Finally, this paper discusses the necessity of implementing congestion charge in Beijing, and according to Beijing's own situation and the experience of foreign congestion charging mode, the paper studies the trial scheme suitable for Beijing congestion charge. Based on the related theories of urban road traffic congestion, this paper deeply studies the theoretical basis of urban road congestion charge. By summing up and comparing the successful modes of congestion charging in some foreign cities, and combining with the current situation of traffic development in Beijing, the paper puts forward the proposal of congestion charging scheme, and determines the charging area, charging time, charging object and charging method. At the same time, the method of determining the charging standard is discussed, which has certain reference value for establishing congestion charging system in Beijing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F572

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