【摘要】：鐵路作為一種我國重要的物流運輸途徑之一，以其運輸量大、運輸安全可靠、價格低廉等諸多因素在貨物運輸領域具有相當?shù)谋嚷�。近年來，在國內交通運輸行業(yè)競爭日益激烈的驅使下，我國鐵路部門也明顯加強了對鐵路安全的監(jiān)管力度，以維持鐵路在交通運輸領域中的主導地位。 鐵路貨車超偏載檢測裝置是安裝在鐵路沿線上，對行駛的貨車進行動態(tài)檢測超載、偏載等裝載情況的一種計量裝置，是我國鐵路貨運計量安全檢測系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。目前我國鐵路列車運行速度大面積提升和電氣化鐵路大量開通，對貨物裝載加固提出了更高的要求，，貨運安全在鐵路運輸安全中的位置日益凸顯出來。依照目前計量條件，為保證列車的運行安全，要在鐵路沿線線路上安裝大量動態(tài)電子軌道衡及貨物列車超偏載檢測裝置，對貨物列車超偏載狀態(tài)進行檢測。 目前，軌道衡和超偏載裝置雖各自對鐵路貨運安全發(fā)揮著重要作用，但都不能很好結合兩者優(yōu)勢，本文提出一種新型鐵路貨車超偏載軌道衡裝置，能結合軌道衡稱重精度高和超偏載測偏的功能，達到提高檢測精度，減少鐵路投資的目的。 本文首先對國內外動態(tài)電子軌道衡和超偏載裝置的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢進行了概述，并對課題研究的背景、意義及主要研究內容做了說明。之后對系統(tǒng)的技術要求、組成部分及工作原理進行了介紹，后又建立了系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學模型并作出了分析。 其次，對系統(tǒng)的硬件組成電路—信號調理電路進行了重點介紹，對組成電路的各個單元進行了細致說明，完成了傳感器信號的放大、濾波、A/D轉換作用。對整個硬件部分分成電源模塊、放大模塊、濾波模塊、A/D模塊四個部分進行了說明，對組成各模塊的各器件、工作過程及在系統(tǒng)中的作用進行說明。 第三，對影響信號檢測電路精度的因素及改進措施進行了分析說明，指出溫度、干擾及橋壓穩(wěn)定度作為影響電路測量精度的三個主要因素，并列舉了許多改進方法，以提高電路檢測精度。 第四，對系統(tǒng)的軟件部分進行了簡要介紹，主要對系統(tǒng)的稱重算法，程序流程圖，系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的功能，系統(tǒng)運行結果進行簡短說明。 最后，對整個系統(tǒng)研究的內容進行了總結，并指出下一步需要研究的工作方向。
[Abstract]:Railway, as one of the important ways of logistics transportation in China, has a considerable proportion in the field of freight transportation because of its large volume, safe and reliable transportation, low price and so on. In recent years, driven by the increasingly fierce competition in the domestic transportation industry, China's railway sector has also obviously strengthened the supervision of railway safety in order to maintain the dominant position of the railway in the field of transportation. The overloading detecting device of railway freight car is a kind of measuring device which is installed along the railway line to dynamically detect the overload and the partial load of the moving freight car. It is an important part of the safety inspection system of railway freight metering in our country. At present, the speed of train operation in our country has been greatly improved and the electrified railway has been opened in a large amount, which has put forward higher requirements for cargo loading and reinforcement, and the position of freight safety in railway transportation safety has become increasingly prominent. According to the current metrological conditions, in order to ensure the running safety of the train, a large number of dynamic electronic track scales and overloading detecting devices should be installed on the lines along the railway line to detect the overload state of the freight train. At present, rail weighing and overloading devices play an important role in railway freight transport safety, but neither of them can well combine the advantages of the two. In this paper, a new type of rail balance device for railway freight cars is proposed in this paper. It can improve the detection accuracy and reduce the railway investment by combining the functions of high weighing precision and over-bias load measurement of track scale. In this paper, the research status and development trend of the dynamic electronic track weighing and overloading device at home and abroad are summarized, and the background, significance and main research contents of the research are also described in this paper. Then the technical requirements, components and working principles of the system are introduced, and then the mathematical model of the system is established and analyzed. Secondly, the hardware component circuit of the system, signal conditioning circuit, is introduced in detail, and each unit of the circuit is described in detail. The amplification of sensor signal and the function of filtering A / D conversion are accomplished. The whole hardware is divided into four parts: power module, amplifier module, filter module and A / D module. The components, working process and function in the system are explained. Thirdly, the factors affecting the accuracy of the signal detection circuit and the improvement measures are analyzed and explained. It is pointed out that temperature, interference and bridge voltage stability are the three main factors that affect the measuring accuracy of the circuit, and many improved methods are listed. In order to improve the accuracy of circuit detection. Fourth, the software part of the system is briefly introduced, mainly to the system weighing algorithm, program flow chart, system functions, system operation results are briefly described. Finally, the research contents of the whole system are summarized, and the future work direction is pointed out.
【學位授予單位】：廣西工學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：U294.17

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本文編號：2157848