本文選題：鐵路客運站 + 最高聚集人數(shù)　； 參考：《大連交通大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為全國旅客出行的主要運輸方式，鐵路旅客運輸在各種運輸方式中占有舉足輕重的作用。而鐵路旅客運輸?shù)闹匾M成部分——鐵路客運站，肩負著接發(fā)旅客、連接城市多種交通方式運行的重要任務和責任。所以鐵路客運站的安全、有序運營直接關系到旅客的生命財產(chǎn)安全以及城市的社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。然而旅客客流量大、持續(xù)時間長、空間封閉的鐵路客運站存在著潛在的安全風險，一旦車站內發(fā)生突發(fā)事件，大到危害嚴重的恐怖襲擊，小到影響運營的停電都會對車站內的旅客造成無法預知的傷害和不可估量的負面社會影響。因此，在緊急情況下，如何在有效的疏散時間內，把旅客迅速、大量、有效、有序的疏散到安全地帶，，是鐵旅部門亟待解決的問題。 針對旅客疏散問題研究，本文在結合國內外研究現(xiàn)狀及研究成果成的基礎上，提出了本文研究目的、意義以及研究方法和技術路線。通過對鐵路客運站安全疏散標準、國家相關設計規(guī)章的研究，明確了疏散標準要求，總結分析出鐵客運站疏散通道的設計通過能力計算公式，并得出檢票口、樓梯、自動扶梯的最大通過能力。 采用問卷調查的方式，分析旅客在緊急情況的疏散行為，結合鐵路客運站的運營特色，總結出旅客在疏散過程中的行為特征以及影響旅客疏散行為的因素。根據(jù)旅客行為特征，利用疏散速度模型，確定旅客疏散速度，并借助通過能力公式，計算出每名旅客在安全通道的疏散時間。基于最高聚集人數(shù)的概率計算法，計算出大連站候車室旅客最高聚集人數(shù)。 結合得到的數(shù)據(jù)結果，利用SIMIO軟件建立仿真模型，并以大連站為例進行疏散仿真，并以疏散時間為依據(jù)，判斷大連站現(xiàn)有設備設施布局是否符合疏散標準要求。通過設計實驗，分析疏散時間與最高聚集人數(shù)、疏散速度、通過時間的邏輯關系。根據(jù)四者之間的關系，總結大連站目前在旅客疏散過程中存在的問題，提出改進建議，并通過旅客行為特征對疏散時間影響的程度，分析出在緊急疏散過程中旅客應該采取的措施和疏散行為的選擇。
[Abstract]:As the main mode of transportation, railway passenger transportation plays an important role in various modes of transportation. The railway passenger station, an important part of railway passenger transportation, shoulders the important task and responsibility of receiving and sending passengers and connecting various traffic modes in the city. Therefore, the safety and orderly operation of railway passenger station is directly related to the safety of life and property of passengers and the social and economic development of the city. However, the passenger traffic is large, the duration is long, the space is closed, the railway passenger station has the potential security risk, once the sudden incident occurs in the station, it is too big to endanger the serious terrorist attack. Power cuts that affect operations can cause unpredictable damage and incalculable negative social effects on passengers in the station. Therefore, in an emergency, how to evacuate passengers quickly, efficiently, efficiently and orderly within the effective evacuation time is an urgent problem to be solved by the railway brigade department. According to the research of passenger evacuation, this paper puts forward the purpose, significance, research method and technical route of this paper based on the current research situation and research results at home and abroad. Through the study of the safety evacuation standard of railway passenger station and the relevant design rules of the country, the requirements of evacuation standard are clarified, and the formula of capacity calculation for the evacuation passage of railway passenger station is summarized and analyzed, and the ticket entrance and staircase are obtained. The maximum capacity of the escalator to pass. By means of questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the evacuation behavior of passengers in emergency situations, combined with the operational characteristics of railway passenger stations, summarizes the behavior characteristics of passengers in the process of evacuation and the factors affecting the evacuation behavior of passengers. According to the behavior characteristics of passengers, the evacuation speed of passengers is determined by using the evacuation speed model, and the evacuation time of each passenger in the safe passage is calculated by means of the capacity formula. The maximum number of passengers gathered in the waiting room of Dalian Station is calculated based on the probability calculation method of maximum gathering number. Combined with the data obtained, the simulation model is established by using SIMIO software, and the evacuation simulation of Dalian station is carried out. Based on the evacuation time, it is judged whether the layout of equipment and facilities of Dalian station conforms to the evacuation standard. By designing experiments, the logical relationship between evacuation time and maximum number of congregation, evacuation speed and passing time is analyzed. According to the relationship between the four passengers, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the process of passenger evacuation at Dalian Station, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement, and the degree of influence on the evacuation time through the characteristics of passenger behavior. The measures to be taken and the choice of evacuation behavior during emergency evacuation are analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：大連交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：U293.1

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