本文選題：簡政放權(quán) + 行政介入��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：十八大以來,黨中央和國務(wù)院推進(jìn)行政體制改革和行政職能轉(zhuǎn)變的決心和力度越來越大,“簡政放權(quán)”成為新一輪行政體制改革和行政職能轉(zhuǎn)變的主題詞。簡政放權(quán),并不是簡單的下放或取消一部分行政權(quán)力,也不是簡單的機(jī)構(gòu)與部門之間權(quán)力的新一輪排列組合,而是行政執(zhí)法思維、方式和習(xí)慣的大調(diào)整、大變革,是提高政府現(xiàn)代治理能力的關(guān)鍵舉措。在簡政放權(quán)新常態(tài)下,執(zhí)法部門的工作重心正從事前審批向事中、事后監(jiān)管轉(zhuǎn)變,而事中、事后監(jiān)管基本都屬于現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的范疇。由于現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管內(nèi)容繁雜,且我國當(dāng)前缺乏現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管方面的立法,國內(nèi)各執(zhí)法部門均未建立系統(tǒng)有效的現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管模式。有關(guān)行政海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管理論認(rèn)識不足和立法上的空白導(dǎo)致實際操作過程中無法可依、監(jiān)管依據(jù)不明確,極易引發(fā)監(jiān)管缺位、履職不到位等情形;有關(guān)海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管制度的缺位也可能導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的自由裁量權(quán)過大,容易引發(fā)諸多執(zhí)法不規(guī)范問題,如濫用職權(quán)、程序不合法等。理論界對于海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的研究嚴(yán)重不足,已經(jīng)制約了海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的實施與發(fā)展。本文在大量閱讀文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)之上,首先對行政監(jiān)管進(jìn)行了“現(xiàn)場”與“非現(xiàn)場”的分類,從理論層面明確提出了“海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管”的概念。通過探究我國簡政放權(quán)的理論意涵,得出簡政放權(quán)對行政監(jiān)管及現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的本質(zhì)要求即在減少政府對市場干預(yù)的基礎(chǔ)上提高行政監(jiān)管的效能。系統(tǒng)分析了簡政放權(quán)背景下,傳統(tǒng)模式下海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管工作存在的問題,并進(jìn)行了原因分析。基于對減少市場干預(yù)的本質(zhì)要求的考量,本文以“行政介入度”的公共管理學(xué)理論,在對海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管行為要素及其對海事監(jiān)管對象生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動的行政介入程度的系統(tǒng)梳理后,將海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管行為按照介入程度從低到高細(xì)分為現(xiàn)場巡視、現(xiàn)場監(jiān)督、現(xiàn)場檢查,并以此為基礎(chǔ)提出了簡政放權(quán)背景下海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的基本框架;并結(jié)合依法行政理論以及規(guī)范化的研究要求,基于前述框架,就海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)理論、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)模式以及監(jiān)管行為提出了規(guī)范化建設(shè)的相關(guān)建議�；趯μ岣咝姓O(jiān)管的效能的考量,本文對現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管規(guī)范化運(yùn)行的保障機(jī)制進(jìn)行了設(shè)計,明確了四級海事管理機(jī)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管責(zé)任,提出了健全完善風(fēng)險預(yù)控保障體系的已建議、科學(xué)設(shè)定現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管制度的設(shè)計思路,以及運(yùn)用治理思維促進(jìn)海事現(xiàn)場監(jiān)管制度創(chuàng)新的對策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the determination and strength of promoting the reform of the administrative system and the transformation of the administrative functions have become increasingly strong, and "streamlining the administration and devolving power" has become the main theme of the new round of reform of the administrative system and the transformation of the administrative functions. To simplify administrative decentralization is not to simply decentralize or abolish some administrative powers, nor is it a new round of arrangement and combination of powers between simple institutions and departments, but a major change in the thinking, ways and habits of administrative law enforcement. It is a key measure to improve the government's ability of modern governance. Under the new normal condition, the focus of the work of the law enforcement departments is changing from the prior examination and approval to the post-supervision, and in the event, the post-supervision basically belongs to the category of on-site supervision. Because of the complex content of on-site supervision and the lack of legislation on on-site supervision in our country, all the domestic law enforcement departments have not established a systematic and effective on-site supervision model. The lack of understanding of the theory of administrative and maritime on-site supervision and the lack of legislation lead to the actual operation process can not be followed, the regulatory basis is not clear, it is easy to lead to the absence of supervision, not in place to carry out duties and so on. The absence of the maritime spot supervision system may also lead to too much discretion in the field supervision, which can easily lead to many problems of law enforcement, such as abuse of power, illegal procedure, etc. The research on maritime spot supervision has been seriously inadequate, which has restricted the implementation and development of maritime spot supervision. On the basis of reading a large number of literatures, this paper first classifies administrative supervision into "on-site" and "off-site", and puts forward the concept of "maritime on-site supervision" from the theoretical level. By exploring the theoretical implications of decentralization in China, it is concluded that the essential requirement of administrative supervision and on-site supervision is to improve the effectiveness of administrative supervision on the basis of reducing government intervention in the market. This paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in maritime spot supervision under the background of simplified administration and decentralization, and analyzes the reasons. Based on the consideration of the essential requirements of reducing market intervention, this paper uses the public management theory of "administrative intervention". After systematically combing the elements of maritime on-site supervision behavior and the degree of administrative intervention to the production and management activities of maritime supervision object, the maritime on-site supervision behavior is subdivided into on-site inspection according to the degree of intervention from low to high, and on-site supervision, On the basis of on-site inspection, this paper puts forward the basic framework of maritime on-site supervision under the background of simplified administration and decentralization, and combines with the theory of administration according to law and the standardized research requirements, based on the above-mentioned framework, the basic theory of maritime on-site supervision is discussed. The operation mode and the supervision behavior put forward the related suggestion of the standardization construction. Based on the consideration of improving the efficiency of administrative supervision, this paper designs the guarantee mechanism for the standardized operation of on-site supervision, and clarifies the on-site supervision responsibility of the four levels of maritime administrations. The paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the system of risk pre-control and guarantee, to set up the design idea of the on-site supervision system scientifically, and to apply the thinking of governance to promote the innovation of the maritime on-site supervision system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F552

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7 周s，

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