本文選題：貨物價(jià)值特性 + 外部成本　； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：交通運(yùn)輸是物流的重要功能之一，是國(guó)家發(fā)展社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要物質(zhì)條件，在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中的重要性不言而喻。目前，我國(guó)已經(jīng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)綜合運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，為貨物運(yùn)輸方案提供了多樣選擇的可能，而商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展對(duì)運(yùn)輸服務(wù)提出了時(shí)效性、穩(wěn)定性等更高的要求，且交通運(yùn)輸自身面臨外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)性問(wèn)題，所以傳統(tǒng)意義的運(yùn)輸成本也就不能作為衡量運(yùn)輸適宜性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，需要對(duì)其內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行拓展。本文正是從這些方面考慮，增加以貨物價(jià)值特性為前提，對(duì)貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)倪m宜性進(jìn)行研究，具體內(nèi)容有： ①總結(jié)貨物運(yùn)輸方面的文獻(xiàn)，確定了運(yùn)輸適宜性考慮的因素，主要有運(yùn)輸內(nèi)、外部成本、在途庫(kù)存成本和運(yùn)輸不穩(wěn)定性損失，同時(shí)考慮貨物價(jià)值特性，將這些因素量化，構(gòu)成適宜性評(píng)價(jià)函數(shù)。 ②對(duì)貨物價(jià)值特性做了具體定義，分析了產(chǎn)品生命周期、技術(shù)更新周期、替代產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)周期等影響因素，，基于此將貨物分為時(shí)間敏感類貨物、一般貨物和特殊貨物，并給出了貨物價(jià)值特性的描述性函數(shù)。 ③對(duì)各運(yùn)輸方式的內(nèi)、外部成本構(gòu)成做了細(xì)致分析，并給出了計(jì)算模型；其次是根據(jù)Alford-Bangs模型，構(gòu)建了貨物在途庫(kù)存成本計(jì)算模型；然后對(duì)運(yùn)輸穩(wěn)定性損失的影響因素做了詳細(xì)分析，并建立了基于貨物價(jià)值衰減和貨物時(shí)間成本的懲罰模型，最終形成了綜合運(yùn)輸成本模型，為適宜性評(píng)價(jià)模型打下基礎(chǔ)。 ④在貨物價(jià)值特性和綜合運(yùn)輸成本的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了以貨物剩余價(jià)值最大（或是價(jià)值降低最少）為評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則的適宜性評(píng)價(jià)模型，并選擇重慶與歐洲之間的兩種典型貨物——筆記本電腦和汽車(chē)零部件為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)模型計(jì)算筆記本電腦運(yùn)輸選擇“渝新歐”通道最為適宜，汽車(chē)零部件選擇“重慶—鐵路—鹽田港—海運(yùn)—鹿特丹”通道最為適宜，評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果比較滿意。分析還發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物價(jià)值特性是運(yùn)輸適宜性評(píng)價(jià)的先決條件，而運(yùn)輸穩(wěn)定性是運(yùn)輸適宜性評(píng)價(jià)的重要決策因子。
[Abstract]:Transportation is one of the important functions of logistics and an important material condition for the development of society and economy. The importance of transportation in the process of economic and social development is self-evident. At present, our country has basically realized the construction of comprehensive transportation system and provided a variety of options for the transportation scheme of goods, and the development of commodity economy to transport suit. It has put forward the requirement of timeliness, stability and so on, and the transportation itself faces the problem of external diseconomy, so the traditional transportation cost can not be used as a standard to measure transportation suitability, and it needs to expand its connotation. The suitability of the transmission is studied, and the specific contents are as follows:
(1) summarizing the literature of freight transportation and determining the factors of transportation suitability consideration, including transportation, external cost, the cost of transportation and transportation instability, and considering the value of goods, and quantifying these factors to form an suitability evaluation function.
Secondly, it defines the value characteristics of goods, analyzes the life cycle of the products, the cycle of technology renewal, and the replacement of the product development cycle. Based on this, the goods are divided into time sensitive goods, general goods and special goods, and a descriptive function of the value characteristics of the goods is given.
Thirdly, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the internal and external cost components, and gives the calculation model. Secondly, according to the Alford-Bangs model, the calculation model of the inventory cost is constructed, and then the factors affecting the loss of transportation stability are analyzed in detail, and based on the value attenuation of goods and the time cost of goods. Finally, the comprehensive transportation cost model is formed, which lays the foundation for the suitability evaluation model.
(4) on the basis of the value characteristics of goods and the comprehensive transportation cost, a suitability evaluation model is established, which takes the maximum value of the surplus value of the goods (or the least value reduced) as the evaluation criterion, and selects two typical goods between Chongqing and Europe - the notebook computer and the auto zero part as the research object, and the notebook computer is calculated through the model. The most suitable transportation choice "Chongqing New Europe" channel is most suitable. The choice of "Chongqing - Railway - Yantian Port - seaborne sea - Rotterdam" channel is most suitable, and the evaluation results are satisfactory. The analysis also finds that the value of goods is the prerequisite for the evaluation of transportation suitability, and the transportation stability is the important decision for the transportation suitability evaluation. Son.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U116;F512

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本文編號(hào)：2029396