本文選題：公交票價公平性 + 成本回收率�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：常規(guī)公交票價的公平性是近年來我國票價改革及可持續(xù)交通討論的熱點(diǎn)問題。但是現(xiàn)行的各種票制其公平程度究竟如何,目前國內(nèi)尚未有學(xué)者或者科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出關(guān)于常規(guī)公交票價公平性的評價方法,而國外學(xué)者提出的票價公平性比較分析法必須基于豐富、詳實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)和多樣化的票制,但是國內(nèi)公交票價的研究卻恰好面臨著數(shù)據(jù)缺乏和票制單一的現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此對于我國學(xué)者來說,迫切需要提出一種適合我國常規(guī)公交現(xiàn)狀的票價公平性評價方法。本文從資源、成本和群體公平的角度入手,提出了一種只需乘客IC卡、車輛GPS以及相關(guān)統(tǒng)計年鑒的數(shù)據(jù)就可以對某一種票制單獨(dú)進(jìn)行定量評價、分析的公交票價公平性評價方法。首先,本文在綜合研究國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,從公交乘客所得與應(yīng)付、公交企業(yè)所付與應(yīng)得、公交乘客群體交叉補(bǔ)貼比例協(xié)調(diào)的角度對票價公平的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了界定。并將票價公平分為資源公平、成本公平和群體公平,其中資源被賦予了新的含義,即乘車機(jī)會和乘車空間。在確定評價指標(biāo)時,本文首先計算了各影響因素對于票價公平性的靈敏程度,根據(jù)計算結(jié)果排除靈敏度較差的因素。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合公平性的內(nèi)涵和指標(biāo)選取原則,分別從資源、成本和群體公平的角度提出了高峰時段車輛服務(wù)系數(shù)、高峰時段乘客周轉(zhuǎn)率、票價基尼系數(shù)、價格膨脹系數(shù)、基于距離的交叉補(bǔ)貼率和基于時間的交叉補(bǔ)貼率六個指標(biāo),并給出了各指標(biāo)的計算方法和評價等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在確定評價模型時,通過對常用的綜合評價方法的比較與分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)物元可拓模型結(jié)果量化且內(nèi)涵非常豐富的特點(diǎn)與票價公平性對評價結(jié)果的需求相吻合,因此本文將物元可拓模型應(yīng)用于票價公平性的評價當(dāng)中。并采用AHP-熵權(quán)法來降低指標(biāo)權(quán)重時,單一賦權(quán)法的主、客觀影響。最后,以蘇州204線路的單一票制為例,對本文提出的常規(guī)公交票價公平性評價方法進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明蘇州204線路單一票制的公平等級為“較不公平”,與該線路實(shí)際運(yùn)營的公平性分析結(jié)果非常吻合,驗(yàn)證了本文所提出方法的可行性與科學(xué)性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the fairness of bus fare is a hot issue in the reform of ticket price and sustainable transportation in China. However, how fair is the current ticket system? at present, no scholars or scientific research institutions have put forward a method to evaluate the fairness of bus fares. The comparative analysis of ticket price fairness proposed by foreign scholars must be based on rich, detailed data and diversified ticket system, but the study of domestic bus ticket price is just facing the lack of data and the single reality of ticket system. Therefore, for Chinese scholars, there is an urgent need to put forward a fare fairness evaluation method suitable for the status quo of conventional public transport in China. From the angle of resource, cost and group fairness, this paper puts forward a kind of data of passenger IC card, vehicle GPS and related statistical yearbook, which can be used to evaluate a certain vote system separately and quantitatively. Analysis of bus fare fairness evaluation method. First of all, on the basis of comprehensive research results at home and abroad, this paper defines the connotation of fare fairness from the perspective of bus passenger income and management, bus enterprise pay and due, bus passenger cross-subsidy proportion coordination. The fairness of ticket price is divided into resource equity, cost equity and group equity, in which resources are given new meanings, that is, ride opportunity and travel space. In determining the evaluation index, this paper first calculates the sensitivity of each factor to the fairness of ticket price, and excludes the factor of poor sensitivity according to the result of calculation. On this basis, combined with the connotation of fairness and the principle of index selection, this paper puts forward the service coefficient of vehicles, passenger turnover, Gini coefficient of ticket price and price expansion coefficient in rush hour from the angle of resource, cost and group fairness, respectively. There are six indexes of distance based cross subsidy rate and time based cross subsidy rate, and the calculation method and evaluation grade standard of each index are given. In determining the evaluation model, through the comparison and analysis of the common comprehensive evaluation methods, it is found that the quantification and rich connotation of the results of the matter-element extension model are consistent with the demand of the fare fairness for the evaluation results. Therefore, the matter-element extension model is applied to the evaluation of fare fairness. AHP- entropy weight method is used to reduce the weight of the index, the subjective and objective effects of the single weighting method are discussed. Finally, taking the single ticket system of Suzhou 204 as an example, the fairness evaluation method of bus fare proposed in this paper is tested. The results show that the single ticket system of Suzhou 204 line is "relatively unfair", which is in good agreement with the analysis results of the fairness of the line, which verifies the feasibility and scientific nature of the method proposed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F572

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 陸丹丹;;城市交通公平性分析及對策研究[A];2007第三屆中國智能交通年會論文集[C];2007年

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本文編號：1946511