本文選題：城市道路交通 + 負外部性��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想的不斷延伸,城市道路交通負外部性的問題得到越來越多的重視。尤其是在我國城市機動車保有量持續(xù)高速增長的背景下,城市道路交通擁堵問題越來越嚴重。官方統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,全國660多個城市中,超過有三分之二的城市已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)明顯的交通擁堵現(xiàn)象。不僅僅是一線大城市,近年來許多二三線城市,也都出現(xiàn)了不同程度的交通擁堵問題,給人民的生活、工作帶來諸多不便,也造成了許多擁堵成本,增加了城市的運行成本。而目前我國對于城市道路交通擁堵成本的測算方法仍然存在一些不足,受限于統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的局限性在測算過程中忽略了部分影響因素的影響。亟需一種綜合考慮的符合我國國情的測算方法的指導(dǎo),來為統(tǒng)計機構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計提供參考,同時也為擁堵這一負外部性內(nèi)部化墊定基礎(chǔ)�；谝陨涎芯勘尘凹澳康�,論文研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下四部分： 第一部分(第一章、第二章),主要闡述了本文的研究背景及意義、國內(nèi)外研究綜述以及研究思路,在此基礎(chǔ)上,明確了外部性相關(guān)概念及特征與分類,并對外部性及外部性內(nèi)部化相關(guān)理論進行論述。 第二部分(第三章),在對城市道路交通擁堵問題的現(xiàn)狀及原因分析的基礎(chǔ)上明確了交通擁堵的判定標準以及擁堵成本的構(gòu)成。交通擁堵除了給出行者增加額外時間損失以外,也降低了整個社會的經(jīng)濟效率。由于擁堵而造成機動車處于低速駕駛狀態(tài)并且頻繁地加減速,由此造成機動車燃油消耗的增加,也會增加由于機動車行駛而產(chǎn)生的大氣污染物的排放量。同時,在擁堵的情況下由于等待時間的延長會產(chǎn)生令司機以及乘客疲憊、煩躁的心情成本。而在擁堵縮小車輛間間距的同時,心情的煩躁會再一次增加交通事故發(fā)生的概率。并分別對各類擁堵成本的測算方法進行了研究。 第三部分(第四章、第五章),在前文分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國城市道路交通發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及擁堵原因和擁堵成本測算的分析,從完善監(jiān)測體系、發(fā)展公共交通、實現(xiàn)外部成本內(nèi)部化以及合理交通規(guī)劃等方面對我國我國城市道路交通擁堵問題提出對策建議。并在對全文研究綜合評價的基礎(chǔ)上對下一步研究進行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of sustainable development, more and more attention has been paid to the negative externality of urban road traffic. Especially under the background of the continuous rapid growth of urban motor vehicle ownership, urban road traffic congestion problem is becoming more and more serious. Official statistics show that more than 2/3 of the country's more than 660 cities have experienced significant traffic jams. In recent years, there are many traffic congestion problems in many second and third tier cities, which bring inconveniences to people's life and work, and cause a lot of congestion cost, which increase the running cost of the city. However, at present, there are still some deficiencies in the calculation of urban road traffic congestion cost in China, which is limited by the limitation of statistical data and neglects the influence of some factors in the calculation process. In order to provide a reference for statistical agency statistics and to lay the foundation for the internalization of the negative externality congestion is in urgent need of a comprehensive consideration of the calculation method in accordance with the national conditions of our country. Based on the above research background and purpose, the main contents of this paper include the following four parts: The first part (chapter one, chapter two), mainly expounds the research background and significance of this paper, the domestic and foreign research summary and the research thought, on this basis, has clarified the externality correlation concept, the characteristic and the classification, The related theories of externality and externality internalization are also discussed. The second part (Chapter 3), on the basis of analyzing the present situation and reason of urban road traffic congestion, defines the criterion of traffic congestion and the composition of congestion cost. Traffic jams not only add extra time loss to travelers, but also reduce the economic efficiency of the whole society. Because of the traffic congestion, the motor vehicle is in the low speed driving state and frequently accelerating and decelerating, which results in the increase of the motor vehicle fuel consumption and the increase of the emission of the air pollutants caused by the motor vehicle driving. At the same time, prolonged waiting times in congested conditions can cause drivers and passengers to feel tired and irritable. While congestion reduces the distance between vehicles, mood irritability once again increases the probability of traffic accidents. The calculation methods of various congestion costs are studied respectively. The third part (chapter four, chapter five, on the basis of the previous analysis, combined with the analysis of the current situation of urban road traffic development, congestion reasons and congestion cost measurement, from the improvement of monitoring system, the development of public transport, To realize the internalization of external cost and reasonable traffic planning, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the traffic congestion of urban roads in China. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the full-text research, the future research is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F572;F224

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本文編號：1934019