本文選題：出行行為 + 路徑選擇�。� 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：隨著私人小汽車需求量和擁有量的迅速增長(zhǎng),單純依靠擴(kuò)建交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)施已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的交通需求,而交通需求管理技術(shù)在調(diào)節(jié)用戶的出行行為、緩解擁擠方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用,例如鼓勵(lì)選擇公共交通出行、限號(hào)出行、擁擠收費(fèi)等措施。其中,擁擠收費(fèi)能夠改變用戶出行的成本,這不僅誘導(dǎo)更多的用戶選擇公共交通,還能改變用戶的路徑選擇行為和出發(fā)時(shí)間安排。為了更有效地利用供給資源,結(jié)合出行者的選擇行為及擁擠收費(fèi)問(wèn)題,本文主要進(jìn)行了如下研究。 (1)考慮兩種路徑選擇方式的城市交通擁擠收費(fèi)政策研究。本文分析了兩種路徑選擇方式,一種是基于用戶平衡條件的路徑選擇方式,而另一種是基于路徑距離最短的路徑選擇方式。在固定需求下,考慮這兩種出行路徑選擇方式,本文分析了不同擁擠收費(fèi)政策,包括無(wú)擁擠收費(fèi)政策、最優(yōu)擁擠收費(fèi)政策和次優(yōu)擁擠收費(fèi)政策,并分析了兩種用戶類型所占比例不同時(shí)對(duì)系統(tǒng)總出行時(shí)間的影響。 (2)考慮路段擁擠度的城市交通擁擠收費(fèi)政策研究。本文建立了一個(gè)擁擠度均衡模型,即基于路段擁擠度,以路網(wǎng)中各個(gè)路段的擁擠度均衡分布為目標(biāo),通過(guò)收費(fèi)調(diào)節(jié)出行者的路徑選擇行為,使他們選擇不擁擠的路段,最終達(dá)到路網(wǎng)中各個(gè)路段的擁擠程度相等或者相近。最后,利用一個(gè)算例進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證分析。 (3)考慮雙模式選擇的擁擠收費(fèi)和公交補(bǔ)貼問(wèn)題研究。用戶出行首先要選擇使用的交通工具,文中重點(diǎn)考慮了私家車和公交車兩種主要的交通模式。從社會(huì)的角度出發(fā),以最小化系統(tǒng)用戶和公交企業(yè)的總成本為目標(biāo),以私家車擁擠收費(fèi)及公交補(bǔ)貼為背景,考慮了在Logit隨機(jī)用戶均衡條件下的出行方式選擇問(wèn)題。擁擠收費(fèi)不但可以用來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)出行者的出行成本,而且其所收取的費(fèi)用還會(huì)補(bǔ)貼公交企業(yè),使公交企業(yè)不至于虧損。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: with the rapid growth of private car demand and ownership, it is no longer possible to meet the increasing traffic demand simply by expanding the transportation facilities, while the traffic demand management technology is regulating the travel behavior of users. Congestion alleviation plays an important role, such as encouraging the choice of public transport travel, limited travel, congestion charges and other measures. Congestion charges can not only induce more users to choose public transportation, but also change the behavior of route selection and departure schedule. In order to make more effective use of supply resources, combined with traveler's choice behavior and congestion charge, this paper mainly studies as follows. 1) the study of urban traffic congestion pricing policy considering two ways of route selection. This paper analyzes two ways of path selection, one is based on the user balance condition, the other is based on the shortest path distance. Under the fixed demand, considering the two modes of route selection, this paper analyzes the different congestion pricing policies, including the no-congestion pricing policy, the optimal congestion pricing policy and the sub-optimal congestion pricing policy. The influence of different proportion of two user types on the total travel time of the system is analyzed. Second, the study of urban traffic congestion toll policy considering road congestion. In this paper, a congestion equilibrium model is established, that is, based on the congestion degree, the congestion equilibrium distribution of each section of the road network is taken as the goal, and the path selection behavior of the travelers is adjusted by charging fees to make them choose the uncrowded road sections. Finally, the degree of congestion in each section of the road network is equal or similar. Finally, a numerical example is used to verify the analysis. (3) A study on congestion pricing and bus subsidy considering double mode selection. In this paper, two main modes of transportation, private cars and buses, are considered. From the social point of view, aiming at minimizing the total cost of system users and public transport enterprises, taking private car congestion charges and bus subsidies as the background, this paper considers the choice of travel modes under the condition of Logit stochastic user equilibrium. Congestion charges can be used not only to regulate the travel costs of travelers, but also to subsidize public transport enterprises, so that public transport enterprises do not lose money.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F572;U491.265

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